Social, Economic, Political and Quality of Life across Human Immunodeficiency Virus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1301.01.04Keywords:
social, economic, political, quality of life, HIV prevalenceAbstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevalence was predicted using cluster analysis technique. A retrospective design was employed. We deployed surrogate measures for social, economic, political and quality of life. Data mining strategies were trailed to gather data. Factors that affect HIV prevalence were represented with surrogate measures by brainstorming activity. Data were taken from world reports from reliable sources. Using an algorithm, data were analyzed using MiniTab software: partitioning, centroid-based, hierarchical and density based methods. This article introduced three contending models on the interplay of the factors towards its influence on HIV prevalence. It culminates with the integration of a holistic model, which can provide a theoretical basis in predicting HIV prevalence. An integrative model was elevated from its substantial form to a more formal application. From HIV prevalence to a communicable disease prevalence, this provides more wide application.
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Bärnighausen, T., Hosegood, V., Timaeus, I. M., & Newell, M. L. (2007). The socioeconomic determinants of HIV incidence: Evidence from a longitudinal, population-based study in rural South Africa. AIDS.
BBC (2003). Call center industry in India.
Beach, W. W., & Tyrrell, P. (2012). The 2012 index of dependence on government.
Boulhol, H., de Serres, A., & Molnár, M. (2008). The contribution of economic geography to GDP per capita. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, 2008(1), 1-37.
Brenner, H. M. (n.d). Health inequalities in the era of the knowledge economy. Editorial Summary.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). CDC’s 2012 HIV prevention funding for U.S. health departments.
Chaney, M. P., & Blalock, A. C. (2006). Boredom proneness, social connectedness, and sexual addiction among men who have sex with male internet users. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 26(2),
111-122.
CIA (2012/2009). The world factbook.
De Arellano, R. (2007). Patient without borders: The emergence of medical tourism. International Journal of Health Services, 37(1), 193–198.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2011). Migrant health: HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities in EU/EEA/EFTA Member States. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
European Commission DG Environment (2006). Ecoindustry, its size, employment, perspectives and barriers to growth in an enlarged EU.
Evans, B. T., & Pritchard, C. (2000). Cancer survival rates and GDP expenditures on health: A comparison of the USA with Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. Public
Health, 114, 336-339.
Farsari, Y., & Prastacos, P. (1999). Sustainable tourism indicators for Mediterranean destinations; definitions according to the ST Principles.
Proceedings ERSA’s XII Summer Institute “Tourism Sustainability and Territorial Organisationâ€, Portugal.
Farsari, Y., & Prastacos, P., (n.d). Sustainable Tourism Indicators: Pilot Estimation for the Municipality of Hersonissos, Crete. Regional Analysis
Division Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) & Foundation for the Research and the Technology Hellas (FORTH).
Fawcett, J. (2005). Contemporary nursing knowledge: Analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Fortson, J. G. (2008). The gradient in Sub-Saharan Africa: Socioeconomic status and HIV/AIDS. Demography, 45(2), 303–322.
Fujishiro. K., Xu, J., Gong F. (2010). What does “occupation†represent as an indicator of socioeconomic status? Exploring occupational prestige and health. Social Science and Medicine, 71(12), 2100-21007.
Gana, K., Trouillet, R., Martin, B., & Toffart, L., (2001). The relationship between boredom proneness and solitary sexual behaviors in adults. Social Behavior and Personality, 29(4), 385-390.
Gerdtham, U.G., Sogaard, J., Anderson, F., & Jonsson, B. (1992). An econometric analysis of health care expenditure: A cross-section study of OECD countries. Journal of Health Economics, 11(1), 63–84.
Glor, E. (2008). Toward development of a substantive theory of public sector organizational innovation. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 13(3), 2-28.
Han, J., & Kamber, M. (2006). Data mining: Concepts and techniques (2nd ed.). The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems, Jim Gray, Series Editor.
Handley, M. (2011). Why we’re more dependent on government support than ever\on average, 20 cents of every dollar of disposable income comes from the government.
Hicks, N., & Streeten, P. (1979). Indicators of development: The search for a basic needs yardstick. World Development, 7, 567-580.
Hitiris, T., & Posnett, J. (1992). The determinants and effects of health expenditures in developed countries. Journal of Health Economics, 11(2), 173- 181.
Hurley, S. F., Jolley, D. M., & Kaldor, J. M. (1997). Effectiveness of needle-exchange programmes for prevention of HIV infection. The Lancet, 349(9068), 1797–1800.
Ingram D., & Hutchinson, S. A. (1999). HIV-positive mothers and stigma. Health Care for Women International, 20, 93–103.
Jens, H., Hiscox, M. J., & Margalit, Y. (2011). Do Concerns about Labour Market Competition Shape Attitudes Toward Immigration? New Evidence. SSRN Abstract.
Jens, H., Hiscox, M. J., & Margalit, Y. (2011). Material Self-Interest and Economic Determinants of Trade Policy Preferences: New Evidence. SSRN Abstract.
Jens, H., Hiscox, M. J., & Margalit, Y. (2011). Skill Specificity, Mobility, and Policy Preferences Among Workers: New Evidence. SSRN Abstract.
Ji, G., Li, L., Lin, C., & Sun, S. (2007). The impact of HIV/AIDS on families and children -a study in China. AIDS.
Jordan, M. (2009). Job fight: Immigrants vs. locals. Kanavos, P., & Mossialos, E. (1999). International comparison on health expenditures: what we know and what we do not know. Journal Health Service Research Policy, 4(2), 122-126.
Kulkarni, T. (2012). Government must increase health expenditure. The Hindu.
Malcolm Wiener Center (2006). About the Malcolm Wiener Center.
Morgan, M. (2008). Assessing democracy essay.
Mumah, J. (2011). Socioeconomic status, women, and HIV: Do the Determinants of Female HIV Vary by Socioeconomic status in Cameroon? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Utah State University, Logan Utah.
Newburn, T. (2012) What is social policy?
Padua, R. N. (2013, February 13). Seminar-workshop presentation on data mining. University of the Visayas and University of San Jose Recoletos.
Pigou, A. C. (2005). The economics of welfare (Vol. 2). New York: Macmillan & Co.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008) Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th Ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Saber, S. A., & Hossain, K. (2008). Call centres and their role in E-governance: A developing country perspective. Journal of Community Informatics, 4(3).
Schieber, G. (1990). Health expenditures in major industrialized countries, 1960-1987. Health Care Financing Review, 11, 159-167.
Schieber, G. J., & Poullier, J. P. (1989). Overview of international comparisons of health care expenditures. Health Care Financial Review, Special Number 1-7. PMID: 10313431
Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. New York: Anchor Books
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
Somerville, W., & Sumption, M. (2009). Immigration in the United Kingdom: The recession and beyond.
Thomas, L., Vearey, J., & Mahlangu, P. (2011). Making a difference to health in slums: an HIV and African perspective. The Lancet, 377(9777), 1571-1572.
Truffer, C. J., Keehan, S., Smith, S., Cylus, J., Sisko, A., Poisal, J. A., Lizonitz, J., & Clemens, M. K. (2012). Health spending projections through 2019: The recessions’ impact continues. Health Affairs, 29(3),
522-529.
UNAIDS (2011). UNAIDS world AIDS day report 2012.
UNDP (2006). Health Development Indicators.
UNDP (2006). Human development report 2006.
UNDP (2012/2011). International human development indicators.
UNESCO (2006). Understanding of literacy. In Education for all global report 2006.
Wojcicki, J. M. (2004). Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for HIV infection in women in east, central and southern Africa: A systematic review. Journal of Biosocial Sciences, 37(1), 1-36.
World Bank (201). Land area (sq. km).
World Bank (201). Population, total.
World Bank (201). Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49).
World Bank (2010). Health expenditure per capita (current US$).
World Bank (2010). Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above).
World Bank (2010). Unemployment, total (% of total labor force).
World Bank (2011). GDP per capita (current US$).
Xu, Y. (2012). How does financial system efficiency affect the growth of FDI in China? Evidence from provincial data 1999-2006. China Finance Review International, 2(4), 23.
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Published
2013-06-18
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Villanueva, T. M., de Castro, M. R., & Vasquez, B. A. (2013). Social, Economic, Political and Quality of Life across Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1301.01.04
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