Correlating the Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being of Junior High School Students in Selected Catholic Schools in Central Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.01.05Keywords:
Psychology, psycho-spiritual well-being, junior high school students, PhilippinesAbstract
This descriptive-correlational study assesses the psycho-spiritual well-being of junior high school students at Catholic Schools in Central Philippines. Also, it determines the relationship between the said constructs, and at the same, their association between the variables of sex, family structure, birth order, religious affiliation, and church involvement. The data are gathered using Ryff’s Psychological Well-being and Ellison and Paloutzian’s Spiritual Well-being Scale. The findings reveal moderate levels of psychological and spiritual well-being among the respondents. Point biserial shows that a significant relationship existed between the demographics of family structure and psychological well-being and between church involvement and psychological well-being. Rank biserial shows, on the other hand, that there is a significant relationship between family structure and spiritual well-being and between church involvement and spiritual well-being. Also, Spearman Rank Correlation results indicated that there is a relationship between psychological well-being and spiritual well-being.
References
Ahmadpoori, S. F., & Motaghi, M. (2020). The study of the relationship between demographic characteristics and spiritual well-being among adolescent students. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 15(1), 1-8. http://ijnr.ir/article-1-2169-en.html
Alorani, O. I., & Alradaydeh, M. F. (2017). Spiritual well-being, perceived social support, and life satisfaction among university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 23(3), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2017.1352522
Bajovic, M., & Rizzo, K. (2021). Meta-moral cognition: Bridging the gap among adolescents’ moral thinking, moral emotions and moral actions. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843. 2020.1867206
Barkham, M., Broglia, E., Dufour, G., Fudge, M., Knowles, S., Percy, A., Turner, A., & Williams, C. (2019). Towards an evidence-based for student well-being and mental health: Definitions, developmental transitions, and data sets. Therapists and Knowledge, 19(4), 351-357 https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12227
Beri, N., & Dorji, P. (2021). Role of resilience and psychological well-being during difficult situations. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(3), 1572–1580. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/%20article/view/1604
Black, S. E., Devereux, P. J., & Salvanes, K. G. (2016). Healthy(?), wealthy, and wise: Birth order and adult health. Economics & Human Biology 23, 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2016.06.005
Burke, R. J., & Page, K. M. (Eds.). (2017). Research handbook on work and well-being. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785363269
Bussing, A., Recchia, D. R., Dienberg, T., Surzykiewicz, J., & Baumann, K. (2021). Dynamics of perceived positive changes and indicators of well-being within different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. 685975. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685975
Butler-Barnes, S.T., Martin, P.P., Hope, E.C., Copeland-Linder, N., & Scott, M.L. (2018). Religiosity and coping: Racial stigma and psychological well-being among African American girls. Journal on Religious Health, 57(5), 1980–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0644-9
Cherblanc, J., Bergeron-Leclerc, C., Maltais, D., Cadell, S., Gauthier, G., Labra, O., & Ouellet-Plamondon, C. (2021). Predictive factors of the spiritual quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(3), 1475–1493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01233-6
Cobb, I., Puchalski, C., & Rumbold, B. (Eds.). (2012). Oxford textbook of spirituality in healthcare. Oxford University Press.
Coppola, I., Rania, N., Parisi, R., & Lagomarsino, F. (2021). Spiritual well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 626944. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626944
Cueto, L. J., & Agaton, C. B. (2021). Pandemic and typhoon: Positive impacts of a double disaster on the mental health of female students in the Philippines. Behavioral Sciences, 11(5), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11050064
Datu, J. A., & Mateo, N. J. (2020). Character strengths, academic self-efficacy, and well-being outcomes in the Philippines: A longitudinal study. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105649
Deb, S., Strodl, E., & Sun, H. (2015). Academic stress, parental pressure, anxiety, and mental health among Indian high school students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 5(1), 26- 34. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20150501.04
Ellof, I. (2021). College students' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 31(3), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2021.1939055
Fatima, S., Sharif, S., & Khalid, I. (2018). How does religiosity enhance psychological well-being? Roles of self-efficacy and perceived social support. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000168
Fisher, J. W. (2001). Comparing levels of spiritual well-being in state, catholic and independent schools in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Beliefs & Values Studies in Religion & Education, 22(1), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361760120039284.
Fithria, F., Tahlil, T., Adlim, A., Jannah, S. R., Darmawati, D., & Armada, C. D. (2018). Psychological well-being among adolescent smokers. Proceeding of AIC: Health and Life Sciences, 8(1). http://e-repository.unsyiah.ac.id/AIC-HLS/article/view/12708
Freeze, T. A., & DiTommaso, E. (2015). Attachment to God and church family: Predictors of spiritual and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 34(1), 60–72. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1676463754?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Gomez-Lopez, M., Viejo, C., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Psychological well-being during adolescence: Stability and association with romantic relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1772). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01772
Gonzales-Sanguino, C., Ausin, B., Castellanos, M. A., Saiz, J., Lopez-Gomez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 87, 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
Hardjo, S., Haryono, S., & Bashori, K. (2021). The role of coping strategies in achieving psychological well-being in students during the Covid-19 pandemic with religiosity as a moderator variable. Psychology and Educational Journal, 58(5). http://psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/5121
Jaeger, J., Burnett Jr., H. J., Witzel, K. R. (2021). Spiritual well-being - a proactive resilience component: Exploring its relationship with practices, themes, and other psychological well-being factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in CISM-trained first responders. Crisis, Stress, and Human Resilience: An International Journal Volume 3,(1), 6-16. https://www.crisisjournal.org/article/24858-spiritual-well-being-a-proactive-resilience-component-exploring-its-relationship-with-practices-themes-and-other-psychological-well-being-factors
Kaufman, S. B. (2020). Transcend: The new science of self-actualization. Tarcher Perigee
Koenig, H. G. (2020). Maintaining health and well-being by putting faith into action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Religious Health, 14, 1–10. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01035-2
Legada, E., Madrigal, D. V., & Maravilla, W. (2020). Spiritual well-being and resiliency of the Diocesan seminarians of Antique. Philippine Social Science Journal, 3(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i1.124
Li, W. (2020). Application of big data technology in college students' mental health education innovation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1648(4),042069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1648/4/042069/meta
Macapagal, P. M. L. (2020). COVID-19: Psychological impact. African Journal of Biology and Medical Research, 3(2), pp. 182-187. https://.www.abjournals.org
Madrigal, D. V., Erillo, R. P., & Oracion, E. G. (2020). Religiosity and spiritual well-being of Senior High School students of a catholic college in the Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 8(1), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.32871/ rmrj2008.01.06
Malinakova, K., Kopcakova, J., Kolarcik, P., Geckova, A. M., Solcova, I. P., Husek, V., Kracmarova, L. K., Dubovska, E., Kalman, M., Puzova, Z., Van Dijk., J. P., & Tavel, P. (2017). The spiritual well-being scale: Psychometric evaluation of the shortened version in Czech adolescents. Journal of Religious Health, 56(2), 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0318-4
Martiny, S. E., Thorsteinsen, K., Parks-Stamm, E. J., Olsen, M., & Kvalø, M. (2021). Children’s well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationships with attitudes, family structure, and mothers’ well-being. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1948398
Marzo, R. R., Villanueva, E. Q., Faller, E. M., & Baldonado, A. M. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress among Filipinos during Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic crisis. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(T1), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5146
Masri, R., Kadhum, M., Farrell, S. M., Khamees, A., Al-Taiar, H., & Molodynski, A. (2019). Well-being and mental health amongst medical students in Jordan: A descriptive study. International Review of Psychiatry, 31(7-8), 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1670402.
Michaelson, V., King, N., Inchley, J., Currie, D., Brooks, F., & Pickett, W. (2019). Domains of spirituality and their associations with positive mental health: A study of adolescents in Canada, England, and Scotland. Preventive Medicine, 125, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.018
Mukherjee, H., & Mukherjee, P. (2014). Locus of control, birth order, and residence as predictors of general well-being with special reference to Tripura. Voice of Research, 3(3). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/
Nimmi, P. M., Binoy, A. K., Joseph, G., & Suma, R. (2021). Significance of developing spirituality among management students: discerning the impact on psychological resources and well-being. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 14(1), 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-10-2020-0372
Oracion, E. G., & Madrigal, D. V. (2019). Catholic identity and spiritual well-being of students in a Philippine Catholic university. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1907.02.04
Paloutzian, R. F., Agilkaya-Sahin, Z., Bruce, K. C., Kvande, M. N., Malinakova, K., Fernandes, M., Musa, A. S., Nojomi, M., Ozturk, E. E., Putri, I. P., & You, S. (2021). The spiritual well-being scale: Cross-cultural assessment across 5 continents, 10 languages, and 300 studies. In A.L. Ai, P. Wink, R.F. Paloutzin, & K.A. Harris (Eds.), Assessing spirituality in diverse world (pp. 413-444). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10/1007/978-3-030-52140-0_17
Paloutzian, R. F., Bufford, R. K., & Wildman, A. (2012). Spiritual well-being scale: Mental and physical health relationships. In M. Cobb, C.M. Puchalski, & B. Rumbol (Eds.), Oxford textbook of spirituality in healthcare (pp. 353-358). Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=niZoAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=falses
Pandya, S. P. (2017). Spirituality, happiness, and psychological well-being in 13- to 15-year olds: A cross-country longitudinal RCT. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 71(1), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305016687581
Petts, R. J. (2014). Family, religious attendance, and trajectories of psychological well-being among youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 759–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036892
Pham, T. T. B., & Del Castillo, F. (2020). Understanding the spiritual well-being of the youth in the Philippines and Vietnam: An exploratory study. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(2), 27-34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341726860_Understanding_the_Spiritual_Well-Being_of_the_Youth_in_the_Philippines_and_Vietnam_An_Exploratory_Study
Phenwan, T., Peerawong, T., & Tulathamkij, K. (2019). The meaning of spirituality and spiritual well-being among Thai breast cancer patients: A qualitative study. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 25(1), 119–123. https://www.doi.org/10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_101_18
Pigaiani, Y., Zoccante, L., Zocca, A., Arzenton, A., Menegolli, M., Fadel, S., Ruggeri, M., & Colizzi, M. (2020). Adolescent lifestyle behaviors, coping strategies and subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online student survey. Healthcare, 8(4), 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040472
Rababa, M., Hayajneh, A. A., & Bani-Iss, W. (2021). Association of death anxiety with spiritual well-being and religious coping in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01181-1
Rosales, R. J. J. (2021). A year of COVID-19 and the spiritual well-being of the people. Journal of Public Health, 43(2), e354–e355. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab071
Rowold, J. (2011). Effects of spiritual well-being on subsequent happiness, psychological well-being, and stress. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(4), 950–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9316-0
Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-821.ep10772395
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. https://doi.org/10. 1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Sablaon, C. M., & Madrigal, D. V. (2021). Adolescent psychological well-being: The case of Filipino catholic high school students with absentee parents. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i1.322
Saleem, S., & Saleem, T. (2017). Role of religiosity in psychological well-being among medical and non-medical students. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(4), 1180–1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0341-5
Seeram, E. (2019). An overview of correlational research. Radiologic Technology, 91(2), 176-179. http://www.radiologictechnology.org/content/91/2/176.extract
Siedlecki, S. (2020). Understanding descriptive research designs and methods. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0000000000000493
Singh, P., & Bano, S. (2017). Effect of intrinsic-extrinsic religiosity on the psychological well-being of adolescents. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12(1), 137-145. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1926527010?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-02382-000
Spasovski, O., & Kenig, N. (2020). Psychological well-being in students during self-isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Primenjena Psihologija, 13(4), 427-477. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.20.4.427-447
Tajonera, C. F. J. P., & Lamig, R. K. Y. (2021). The influence of emotional well-being and spiritual wholeness on midlife positive functioning of middle-aged professionals. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i1.314
Tripathi, N., & Moakumla (2018). A valuation of Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization for the enhancement of quality of life. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 9(3), 499-504. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2030131162?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Tudy, R. (2020). COVID-19 and spiritual needs of Filipinos: The battle against faith expression and the fear of the virus. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 30(8), 440-443. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344248876_COVID-19_and_Spiritual_Needs_of_Filipinos_The_Battle_against_Faith_Expression_and_Fear_of_the_Virus
University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, Student Development and Placement Center. (2020). Counseling annual report for 2019-2020.
Unterrainer, H. F., Ladenhauf, K. H., Moazedi, M. L., Walner-Liebmann, S. J., & Fink, A. (2010). Dimensions of religious/spiritual well-being and their relation to personality and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences,49(3), 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.032
Ventegodt, S., Merrick, J., & Andersen, N. J. (2003). Quality of life theory III. Maslow revisited. The Scientific World Journal, 3, 1050-1057 https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.8
Viejo, C., Gomez-Lopez, M., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2018). Adolescents’psychological well-being: A multidimensional measure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102325
Villarosa, J. B., & Ganotice Jr., F. A. (2018). Construct validation of Ryff’spsychological well-being scale: Evidence from Filipino teachers in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 51(1), 1-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326976720_Construct_Validation_of_Ryff's_Psychological_Well-being_Scale_Evidence_From_Filipino_Teachers_in_the_Philippines
Wang, M., Del Toro, J., Scanlon, C. L., Schall, J. D., Zhang, A. L., Belmont, A. M., Voltin, S. E., & Plevniak, K. A. (2021). The roles of stress, coping, and parental support in adolescent psychological well-being in the context of COVID-19: A daily diary study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 294, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.082
Wasil, A. R., Park, S. J., Gillespie, S., Shingleton, R., Shinde, S., Natu, S., Weisz, J. R., Hollon, S. D., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2020). Harnessing single-session interventions to improve adolescent mental health and well-being in India: Development, adaptation, and pilot testing of online single-session interventions in Indian secondary schools. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 101980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101980.
Woods, D. (2014). The philosophy of St. Augustine (Alfred Weber). http://www.sophia-project.org/uploads/1/3/9/5/13955288/weber_augustine.pdf
The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. (1995). Social Science & Medicine, 41(10), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K
Wu, H., Chou, M., Chen, W., & Tu, C. (2016). Relationship among family support, love attitude, and well-being of junior high school students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(2), 370-377. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040208
Yahaya, N., Momtaz, Y. A., Othman, M., Sulaiman, N., & Arisah, F. M. (2012). Spiritual well-being and mental health among Malaysian adolescents. Life Science Journa, 9(1), 440-447. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286942652_Spiritual_Well-Being_and_Mental_Health_among_Malaysian_Adolescents
Zacher, H., & Rudolph, C. W. (2021). Individual differences and changes in subjective well-being during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Psychologist, 76(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000702
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of the Journal belongs to the University of San Jose-Recoletos
