Manobo, Bagobo, and Mansaka Indigenous Cosmology: Rediscovering Culture through Dramatist Pentad Structures of Folk Heroes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2412.01.13Keywords:
indigenous people, folk heroes, pentadic structures, Mindanao, PhilippinesAbstract
This study investigates the culture of Manobo, Bagobo, and Mansaka Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao. It utilizes the qualitative-descriptive method to describe culture based on the practices of folk heroes in the collected oral narratives. Furthermore, the study uses the dramatist pentad theory of Kenneth Burke, including act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose, to produce cultural interpretations. Hence, the study reveals the culture mirrored in the oral narratives such as: (1) Manobo, pangayaw (hunting of enemies) and transcendental belief in Tubaran (magical instrument); (2) Bagobo, hunting of wild chickens and encountering Busaw (evil spirits); and, (3) Mansaka, courtship and marriage to a mythical creature and hunting of birds. This research facilitates critical discourses on culture through oral narratives. It may foster a sense of place and cultural identity among academic scholars to rediscover the epistemological and ontological knowledge of Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao.
References
Achanzar, H. L. R. (2007). Gomek Gomanan: Ritual and power among the Tagabawa Bagobos of Davao, Mindanao, the Philippines. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 2(2007), 24–29.
Agaton, S. I. G. (2022). The Tuba Culture in Leyte, Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 10(2), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.02.01
Aleria, J. R. A. (2020). Tagabawa Bagobo folk narratives structures. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(4), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-05-2020-0405
Alsford, M. (2006). Heroes and villains. Baylor University Press.
Ariffin, D. (2021). Spatializing differences: Scientific rationale and the racialization of territories in the Philippines, 1890–1900. Nuncius, 36(3), 754–778. https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603003
Attebery, B. (2014). Stories about stories: Fantasy and the remaking of myth. Oxford University Press.
Bajo, R. O. (2004). The Ata-Manobo: At the crossroads of tradition and modernization. CARD-Davao.
Bobbitt, D. A. (2004). The rhetoric of redemption: Kenneth Burke’s redemption drama and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s “I have a dream” speech. Rowman & Littefield Publishers.
Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (2003). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (4th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Borchers, T. A. (2005). Rhetorical theory: An introduction (001 Ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Buendia, R. G., Mendoza, L. C., Guiam, R., & Sambeli, L. (2006). Mapping and analysis of Indigenous governance practices in the Philippines and proposal for establishing an indicative framework for Indigenous people’s governance: Towards a broader and inclusive process of governance in the Philippines. United Nations Development Program. https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/4465
Burke, K. (1969). A grammar of motives (Vol. 177). University of California Press.
Cayamanda, K. J. G. (2000). Towards a modified Burkean approach to the rhetoric of the Southern Philippines Council for Peace and development (SPCPD) [Unpublished master thesis]. University of the Philippines Mindanao.
Certa-Narcida, M. G. (2021). The modern ancients: Intrinsic feminism in precolonial Philippine culture. In L. Gardner & C. Miller (Eds.), Exploring Depth Psychology and the Female Self Feminist Themes from Somewhere. Routledge.
Cole, F.-C. (1913). The wild tribes of Davao District, Mindanao. Field Museum of Natural History.
Crisol, L. G., & Oledan, E. J. (2022). The infusion of Folk Catholicism to Tambal Binisaya as an Indigenous Healing System in Iligan City. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 10(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.01.07
Dapar, M. L. G., Alejandro, G. J. D., Meve, U., & Liede-Schumann, S. (2020). Quantitative ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular confirmation of medicinal plants used by the Manobo tribe of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00363-7
Davis, W. M. (2021). Palm politics: Warfare, folklore and architecture (Order no. 28543114) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Duncan, H. D. (1984). Communication and social order. Routledge.
Espiritu, B. F. (2022). Land, blood, and tears: Discursive themes and strategies of resistance to Neoliberal hegemony in the Lumad’s struggle for their rights. Journal of Global South Studies, 39(2), 302–341. https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2022.0026
Felix, M. L. E. (2004). Exploring the indigenous local governance of Manobo Tribes in Mindanao. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 48, 124-154. https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPP-00000246391?lng=he
First National Congress of Philippine Folklore. (1975). Dialogue for development (F. R. Demetrio, Ed.). Xavier University.
Fuentes, V. M. A. (1980). A treasury of Mandaya and Mansaka folk literature (E. T. de la Cruz, Trans.). New Day.
Gascon, M. G. (2011). Traditional and modern practices enhance health knowledge of the Bagobo tribe. Asian Journal of Health, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.7828/ajoh.v1i1.160
Gatmaytan, A. B. (2004). The hakyadan of Froilan Havana: Ritual obligation in Manobo religion. Philippine studies, 383-426.
Gulamhussein, N. (2015). Crafting new heroic leaders: A study in myth, drama, and semiotics [Master’s thesis, California State University]. The California State University Scholar Works. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/158626
Gurumurthy, K. G. (2003). Hindu elements in Bagobo traditions of the Philippines. In N. K. Das (Ed.), Culture, Religion, and Philosophy: Critical Studies in Syncretism and Inter-faith Harmon. Rawat Publications.
Guzmán, T. D. (2020). Indigenous studies: Brazil. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.987
Heasly, B., & Iliško, D. (2023). Editorial: Mending vulnerabilities and finding creative solutions in the face of increasing fragility. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 14(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2023-0001
Kim, H., Sefcik, J. S., & Bradway, C. (2017). Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21768
Lluisma, Y. T. (2011). The redemption of the Parang Sabil: A rhetorical criticism of the Tausug Parang Sabil using Burke’s Dramatist Pentad [Bachelor’s thesis, University of Philippines].
Lowrey, B. (2009). The Hero as a Reflection of Culture. Sabiduria: The Honors College Journal, 1(1). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Hero-as-a-Reflection-of-Culture-Lowrey/cb650bb168232b89af79eac9757a35968fe0b8ae
MacTavish, S. D. (2012). Indigenous dance rituals of the Philippines in the 1970s: An account of the Anthropological Research undertaken by Shona Dunlop MacTavish. Brolga: An Australian Journal about Dance, 37, 42–46. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.940231120229831
Magaña, A. S. (1975). Mansaka forms of oral literature. In F. R. Demetrio (Ed.), Dialogue for Development: Papers from the First National Congress of Philippine Folklore and Other Scholars. Xavier University.
Gallardo, R., & Marquez, N. F. (2024). The Mansaka people, their belief-system on nature, and their environmental participation in Davao de Oro, Philippines. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 8(4), 34941–34953.
Masendo, A. L. (2015). The Manobo tribe then and now: An ethnography. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(4), 227–242. https://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?The-Manobo-Tribe-Then-and-Now-An-Ethnography.pdf
Masinaring, M. R. N. (2011). Understanding the Lumad : A closer look at a misunderstood culture. Tebtebba Foundation.
Orillos-Juan, M. F. (2024). Toward reclaiming the wisdom of our forebears: Nature and environment from a Filipino perspective. In C. L. Gomez, A. M. Brazal, & Ma. M. S. Ibita (Eds.), 500 Years of Christianity and the Global Filipino: A Postcolonial Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47500-9
Regala, J. (2023). Indigenous knowledge: Contours for a science of the folk community. Journal of Big History, 6(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.22339/jbh.v6i1.6103
Quizon, C. A. (2007). Costume, kóstyom, and dress: Formulations of Bagóbo ethnic identity in Southern Mindanao. Ethnology, 46(4), 271–288. https://www.proquest.com/docview/205137923?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
Shore, N. (2006). Re-conceptualizing the Belmont Report: A community-based participatory research perspective. Journal of Community Practice, 14(4), 5-26.
Stewart, J. E. (2009). A Burkean method for analyzing environmental rhetoric [Master’s thesis, University of Central Florida]. STARS. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4078
Tiu, M. D. (2005). Davao: Reconstructing history from text and memory. Research and Publication Office, Ateneo de Davao University and Mindanao Coalition of Development NGOs.
Trocio, J. V., Campos, E. L., & Yu, A. L. E. (2023). Cultural motifs in Blaan Flalok: Revitalization of oral lore for preservation, development, and sustainability. Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development, 28(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v28i2.253
Valdez, A. V. (2013). Ethnoscience among select Indigenous groups in Mindanao. IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.7718/ijss.v6i1.513
Valdez, A. V., & Hansel, C. G. (2015). Ethnofarming practices among Subanen and Mansaka. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(1), 154–156. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2015.v5.444
Wrigglesworth, H. J. (2007). The function of Ilianen Manobo storytelling in the preservation of culture. In F. C. Fagundes & I. M. Blayer (Eds.), Oral and Written Narratives and Cultural Identity: Interdisciplinary Approaches (pp. 43–58). Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of San Jose-Recoletos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the Journal belongs to the University of San Jose-Recoletos
