Predictors of Subjective Wellbeing Among Elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1503.02.12Keywords:
Subjective Wellbeing, Predictors, Elderlies, Individual Characteristics, Family Characteristics, Social Characteristics, Life SatisfactionAbstract
This study aimed to determine the predictors of subjective wellbeing among elderly. The researcher utilized a descriptive correlational design to identify patterns of relationship that existed between the variables and to measure the strength of the relationship, which in this case involved the individual variables (educational attainment, health status, employment status, and presence of stressors), family variables (marital status, family size, family income, quality of family relationship, and family support) and social characteristics (social relationships, church attendance, access to amenities/ transportation, safe environment and community participation) and the level of subjective wellbeing among the elderly. The study was conducted in the municipality of Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines. The researcher utilized a self-made questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to gather the needed information relevant to the variables under study. Multiple regression and analysis of variance through the SPSS software were utilized in the treatment and analysis of the data. It was found out that the mean level of subjective wellbeing among elderly falls under the average level of life satisfaction which means that the elderlies are generally satisfied with the different aspects of their lives but there are certain domains that they would very much like to improve. The study also revealed that the significant predictive variables for the elderlies’ subjective wellbeing include age, health status, perceived stress, community participation, family income, and neighborhood safety. Implications of these results are noted for the development of programs and initiatives to enhance subjective wellbeing.
References
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Ciarrochi, J. W., & Deneke, E. (2005). Happiness and the varieties of religious experience: religious support, practices, and spirituality as predictors of well- being. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, (15), 209-223.
Coyle, L. (2010). The effects of uncontrollable stress on subjective wellbeing and coping behavior in urban adolescents. Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1094&context=luc_diss
Cummins, R. (2002). Subjective well-being from rich and poor. In Rich and poor: Disparities, perceptions, concomitants. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Deaton, A. (2008). Income, health, and well-being around the world: evidence from the Gallup world poll. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 53-72. doi:10.1257/jep.22.2.53
De Leon, A. (2014, September). The quality of life of the Filipino elderly in selected cities and provinces. Retrieved from http://tsaofoundation.org/doc/financial-security-older-women-jan-2015/Dr%20Aurora%20 De%20Leon’s%20Presentation_First%20Multipartite%20Regional%20Meeting%20on%20the%20Financial%20Security%20of%20Older%20Women%20in%20East%20&%20Southeast%20Asia_FINAL.pdf
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Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). SWLS - Ed Diener, Subjective Well-Being. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois. edu/~ediener/SWLS.html
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Explorable.com. (2009). Random Sampling. Retrieved from https://explorable.com/simple-random-sampling
Gabriel, Z., & Bowling, A. (2004). Quality of life from the perspectives of older people. Retrieved from http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1648/1/ qualityoflife.pdf
Gehring, K. (2012). Benefit or burden? Unraveling the effect of economic freedom on subjective well-being.
George, L. K. (2010). Still happy after all these years: Research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. doi:10.1093/ geronb/gbq006
Goldstein, M. C., & Ku, Y. (1993). Income and family support among rural elderly in Zhejiang Province, China. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 8, 197-223. doi:10.1007/BF00971526
Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2012). Gender and well-being around the world: Some insights from the economics of happiness.
Greenfield, E., & Reyes, L. (2014). The Importance of Relationships With Neighbors for Psychological Well-Being Among Midlife and Older Adults: Evidence From a Longitudinal U.S. National Study (Society for Social Work and Research 18th Annual Conference: Research for Social Change: Addressing Local and Global Challenges). Retrieved from https://sswr.confex.com/sswr/2014/webprogram/Paper20334.html
Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2007). Religious social identity as an explanatory factor for associations between more frequent formal religious participation and psychological well-being. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 17(3), 245-259. doi:10.1080/10508610701402309
Griffore, R., & Phenice, L. (2001). The language of human ecology: A general systems perspective. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Gwozdz, W., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2009). Ageing, health and life satisfaction of the oldest old: An analysis for Germany. Soc Indic Res, 97(3), 397-417. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9508-8
Hellingman, J., & Hellingman, R. (2012). Sagbayan. Retrieved from http://www.bohol.ph/mun37.html
Huppert, F. A., Baylis, N., & Keverne, B. (2004). Introduction: why do we need a science of well-being? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1331-1332. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1519
Idler, E. L., Kasl, S. V., & Hays, J. C. (2001). Patterns of religious practice and belief in the last year of life. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 56, 326-334.
Inglehart, R. (2002). Gender, aging, and subjective well-Being. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, (43), 391-408. doi:10.1177/002071520204300309
Jackson, S. L. (2009). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach(3rd ed.). New York: Thomson.
Kelly, G., & Percival, M. (2010). Perceived stress scale. Retrieved from http://healthsceneinvestigation.com/files/2010/07/Percived-Stress-Scale.pdf
Kendig, H., Browning, C. J., & Young, A. E. (2000). Impacts of illness and disability on the well-being of older people. Disability and Rehabilitation, 22, 15-22. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate. net/profile/Colette_Browning/publication/12652635_Impacts_ of_illness_and_disability_on_the_wellbeing_of_older_people/links/0912f511c6ecec0ce1000000.pdf
Kobau, R., Sniezek, J., Zack, M. M., Lucas, R. E., & Burns, A. (2010). Well-being assessment: An evaluation of well-being scales for public health and population estimates of well-being among US adults: evaluation of well-being scales.Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 2(3), 272-297. doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01035.x
Kuroki, M. (2012). Crime victimization and subjective well-being: Evidence from happiness data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(3), 783-794. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9355-1
Landeghem, B. V. (2012). A test for the convexity of human well-being
over the life cycle: Longitudinal evidence from a 20-year panel. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 571-585. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.08.001
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a new science. New York: Penguin Press.
McGillivray, M., & Clarke, M. (2006). Human well-being: Concept and measurement. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Michalos, A. C., Hatch, P. M., Hemingway, D., Lavallee, L., Hogan, A., & Christensen, B. (2007). Health and quality of life of older people, a replication after six years. Soc Indic Res, 84(2), 127-158. doi:10.1007/s11205-006-9080-4
Mollaoğlu, M., Tuncay, F. Ö., & Fertelli, T. K. (2010). Mobility disability and life satisfaction in elderly people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 51(3), e115-e119. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.02.013
Molnar, G., & Kapitany, Z. (2010). Unreported income, education and subjective well-being. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/has/ discpr/1027.html
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. I. (2005). Change in Life Satisfaction During Adulthood: Findings From the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 189-202. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189
Myers, D. G. (2008). Religion and human flourishing. In A friendly letter to skeptics and atheists: Musings on why God is good and faith isn’t evil. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2011). Fifty years of change in education. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/ education/skills-beyond-school/48642586.pdfschool/48642586.pdf
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). OECD guidelines on measuring subjective wellbeing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/statistics/Guidelines%20on%20Measuring%20Subjective%20Well- being.pdf
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2015-12-03
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Tariga, J. A., & Cutamora, J. C. (2015). Predictors of Subjective Wellbeing Among Elderly. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1503.02.12
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