Economic and Environmental Parameters of Tourism in the Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1301.01.07Keywords:
Tourism, Economic and Environmental Parameters, PhilippinesAbstract
Both national and transnational parameters of tourism need to be placed in proper perspectives. This paper surveys past economic and environmental parameters, presents updated empirical findings and conveys the relation of tourism income to the economic factors: gross domestic products, consumer price index, inflation rates, exchange rates and employment rate with emphasis on the effect of weather disturbances to the number of tourist arrival. The strategic interactions among these indicators have to be considered by the government in the formulation and implementation of a broad range of national strategic policy measures towards the development of country’s competitiveness by optimizing the gains of tourism which plays an important role in identifying novel policy recommendations and pattern insights. This study seeks to analyze the parameters of tourism as one of the major drivers of economic growth.
References
Boniface, J.K. (2004). Forecasting tourism: expenditures versus arrivals. Journal of Travel Research, Summer, pp. 13–20.
Brida, J, C. Carrera and W. Risso (2008). Tourism’s Impact on Long – Run Mexican Economic Growth. Economics Bulletin. No.21, pp.1-8.
Cortes, I. and M. Pulira (2006). A further step into ELGH and TLGH for Spain and Italy. FEEM Working Paper No. 118.06. Nottingham University Business School.
Fayissa, B. and C. Nsiah (2007). The Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth and Development in Africa.Working Papers 200716. Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Economics and Finance.
Kim, S.H. (1988). The demand for international travel and tourism to South Korea: an econometric evaluation of major economic factors. PhD thesis. University of Santo Tomas, Manila.
Qiu, H., and Zhang, J. (1995). Determinants of tourist arrivals and expenditures in Canada. Journal of Travel Research. Vol. 34, pp 43–49.
Lee, H. and Kwon, H.T. (2010). Tourism affects a host community’s life: Tourism-induced social and cultural functions may enhance the quality of
community. Tourism related article and journal.
Mchone, W, (February, 2000). Practical issues in measuring the impact of a cultural-tourist event in a major tourist destination. Journal of Travel
Research. Vol 3, pp 299–302. 10.
National Statistics Office, Philippines (2013).
National Statistical Coordination Board of the Philippines (2013).
The World Bank: Data (2013).
Tooman. L.E. (2009). Economic liberalization in India: opportunities for multinational corporations in the hospitality and tourism sector’, Tourism Economics, Vol 2, No 2, 1996, pp 159–172.
Vanegas, M. and R. Croes, (2007). Tourism, Economic Expantion and Poverty in Nicaraguaâ€, Second International Conference on Tourism Economics.
Wang, J. S. (1989) ‘Tourism and politics: the implications of the change in sovereignty on the future development of Hong Kong’s tourism
industry’, Journal of Travel Research, Spring, 1994, pp 2–8.
Whanhill, T. J. (2011). ‘Hong Kong’ in Elwood A. Pye and Tzong-Biau Lin, eds, Tourism in Asia: The Economic Impact, Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp 1–100.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of the Journal belongs to the University of San Jose-Recoletos