Top Stressors among Filipino Undergraduate Students: A Multicenter - Interdisciplinary Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1907.02.07Keywords:
stress, mental health, stressors, coping mechanisms, undergraduate students, university studentsAbstract
Stress has been identified as the antecedent for undesirable outcomes, such as depression and self-harm but there still lack of awareness on extent of its impact on academics most notably in a developing country like the Philippines. Thus, a multicenter and interdisciplinary study was employed on 501 students from six state universities in the Philippines. A questionnaire structured to assess the perception of the students as to the severity of identified stressors) as well as the prevalence of the coping mechanisms they adopt to overcome stress was used. The results indicated that academic stressors proved to be the main contributory factor to levels of distress among undergraduates. Educators and decision-makers should tailor regular student evaluations and programs that ensure the impediment of the sources of stress and other measures for further prevention.
References
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Bamuhair, S. S., Al Farhan, A. I., Althubaiti, A., Agha, S., & Ibrahim, N. O. (2015). Sources of stress and coping strategies among undergraduate medical students enrolled in a problem-based learning curriculum. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015.
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Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., & Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of affective disorders, 173, 90-96.
Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Stevens, L. E., & Henson, J. M. (2016). Depressive symptoms and alcohol-related problems among college students: a moderated-mediated model of mindfulness and drinking to cope. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 77(4), 661-666.
Britt, S. L., Mendiola, M. R., Schink, G. H., Tibbetts, R. H., & Jones, S. H. (2016). Financial stress, coping strategy, and academic achievement of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 27(2), 172-183.
Chernomas, W. M., & Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. International journal of nursing education scholarship, 10(1), 255-266.
Dariotis, J. K., Cluxton-Keller, F., Mirabal-Beltran, R., Gould, L. F., Greenberg, M. T., & Mendelson, T. (2016). “The program affects me’cause it gives away stressâ€: Urban students’ qualitative perspectives on stress and a school-based mindful yoga intervention. Explore, 12(6), 443-450.
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Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress and subjective well-being among first year UK undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 505-525.
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Divaris, K., Barlow, P. J., Chendea, S. A., Cheong, W. S., Dounis, A., Dragan, I. F., & ... Mo’nes, M. (2008). The academic environment: the students’ perspective. European Journal of Dental Education, 12, 120-130.
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Elias, H., Ping, W. S., & Abdullah, M. C. (2011). Stress and academic achievement among undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 646-655.
Figueroa, L. L., Lim, S., & Lee, J. (2018). Modelling the effect of deprived physical urban environments on academic performance in the Philippines. GeoJournal, 83(1), 13-30.
Gémes, K., Frumento, P., Almondo, G., Bottai, M., Holm, J., Alexanderson, K., & Friberg, E. (2019). A prediction model for duration of sickness absence due to stress-related disorders. Journal of affective disorders, 250, 9-15.
Gunasingam, N., Burns, K., Edwards, J., Dinh, M., & Walton, M. (2015). Reducing stress and burnout in junior doctors: the impact of debriefing sessions. Postgraduate medical journal, 91(1074), 182-187.
Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jacobi, F., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Beghi, E.., Fratiglioni, L. (2010). Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21: 718-779.
Heckman, S., Lim, H., & Montalto, C. (2014). Factors related to financial stress among college students. Journal of Financial Therapy, 5(1), 3.
Hetolang, L. T., & Amone-P’Olak, K. (2018). The associations between stressful life events and depression among students in a university in Botswana. South African Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 255-267.
Hindman, R. K., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., & Maron, D. D. (2015). A comparison of formal and informal mindfulness programs for stress reduction in university students. Mindfulness, 6(4), 873-884.
Hjeltnes, A., Binder, P. E., Moltu, C., & Dundas, I. (2015). Facing the fear of failure: An explorative qualitative study of client experiences in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program for university students with academic evaluation anxiety. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 10(1), 27990.
Kõlves, K., Ross, V., Hawgood, J., Spence, S. H., & De Leo, D. (2017). The impact of a student's suicide: Teachers’ perspectives. Journal of affective disorders, 207, 276-281.
Kumaraswamy, N. (2013). Academic stress, anxiety and depression among college students - a brief review. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 135-143.
Larcombe, W., Finch, S., Sore, R., Murray, C. M., Kentish, S., Mulder, R. A., & ... Williams, D. A. (2016). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological distress among students at an Australian university. Studies in Higher Education, 41(6), 1074-1091.
Lee, K., Lee, H. K., & Kim, S. H. (2017). Temperament and character profile of college students who have suicidal ideas or have attempted suicide. Journal of affective disorders, 221, 198-204.
Lim, H., Heckman, S., Montalto, C. P., & Letkiewicz, J. (2014). Financial stress, self-efficacy, and financial help-seeking behavior of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 25(2), 148-160.
Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Bao, G., Huang, Y., Ji, B., W. Y., & ... Li, G. (2019). Predictors of depressive symptoms in college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of affective disorders, 244, 196-208.
Lupien, S., McEwen, B., Gunnar, M., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and congnition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10, 434-445.
Mahar, I., Bambico, F. R., Mechawar, N., & Nobrega, J. (2014). Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 173-192.
Melaku, L., Mossie, A., & Negash, A. (2015). tress among medical students and its association with substance use and academic performance. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015.
Mina, C. D., & Imai, K. S. (2017). Estimation of vulnerability to poverty using a multilevel longitudinal model: Evidence from the Philippines. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(12), 2118-2144.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2019). Mental Health. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/mental-health.htm
Pariat, L., Rynjah, M., Joplin, M., & Kharjana, M. (2014). Stress levels of college students: interrelationship between stressors and coping strategies. IOSR J. Humanit. Soc. Sci, 19, 40-45.
Parrocha-Dilim, Joanne Namnama (2018). Suicide can be prevented, DOH-1 officials say. Republic of the Philippines: Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1012558
Saeed, A. A., Bahnassy, A. A., Al-Hamdan, N. A., Almudhaibery, F. S., & Alyahya, A. Z. (2016). Perceived stress and associated factors among medical students. Journal of family & community medicine, 23(3), 166.
Saipanish, R. (2003). Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Medical teacher, 25(5), 502-506.
Sarita, S. (2015). Academic stress among students: role and responsibilities of parents. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(10), 385-388.
Segerstrom, S., & Miller, G. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601-630.
Shaikh, B. T., Kahloon, A., Kazmi, M., Khalid, H., Nawaz, K., Khan, N., & Khan, S. (2004). Students, stress and coping strategies: a case of Pakistani medical school. Education for health-abingdon-carfax publishing limited-, 17, 346-353.
Sherina, M. S., Rampal, L., & Kaneson, N. (2004). Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 59(2), 207-211.
Sohail, N. (2013). Stress and academic performance among medical students. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 23(1), 67-71.
Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean Nursing Students. Nurse Education Today, 35(1), 86-90.
Supe, A. N. (1998). A study of stress in medical students at Seth GS Medical College. Journal of postgraduate medicine, 44, (1), 1.
Tang, F., Byrne, M., & Qin, P. (2018). Psychological distress and risk for suicidal behavior among university students in contemporary China. Journal of affective disorders, 228, 101-108.
Trautmann, S., Rehm, J., & Wittchen, H. U. (2016). The economic costs of mental disorders: Do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO reports, 17(9), 1245-1249.
Uehara, T., Takeuchi, K., Kubota, F., Oshima, K., & Ishikawa, O. (2010). Annual transition of major depressive episode in university students using a structured self-rating questionnaire. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 2(2), 99-104.
Urquijo, I., Extremera, N., & Villa, A. (2016). Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in graduates: the mediating effect of perceived stress. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11(4), 1241-1252.
Van der Riet, P., Rossiter, R., Kirby, D., Dluzewska, T., & Harmon, C. (2015). Piloting a stress management and mindfulness program for undergraduate nursing students: Student feedback and lessons learned. Nurse Education , 35(1), 44-49.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Mental health: suicide data. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
Wu, D., Rockett, I. R., Yang, T., Feng, X., Jiang, S., && Yu, L. (2016). Deliberate self-harm among Chinese medical students: a population-based study. Journal of affective disorders, 202, 137-144.
Wyatt, T., & Oswalt, S. B. (2013). Comparing mental health issues among undergraduate and graduate students. American Journal of Health Education, 44(2), 96-107.
Zimmaro, L. A., Salmon, P., Naidu, H., Rowe, J., Phillips, K., Rebholz, W. N., & ... Jablonski, M. E. (2016). Association of dispositional mindfulness with stress, cortisol, and well-being among university undergraduate students. Mindfulness, 7(4), 874-885.
Aggarwal, N. T., Wilson, R. S., Beck, T. L., Rajan, K. B., De Leon, C. F. M., Evans, D. A., & Everson-Rose, S. A. (2014). Perceived stress and change in cognitive function among adults aged 65 and older. Psychosomatic medicine, 76(1), 80.
Ali, B., Rahbar, M., Naeem, S., Tareen, A., Gui, A., & Samad, L. (2002). Prevalence of and factors associated with anxiety and depression among lower middle class semi-urban community of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 52, 513-517.
American College Health Association (2018). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment II: Reference group executive summary Fall 2018. Silver Spring, MD. Retrieved from: https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NCHAII_Fall_2018_Reference_Group_Executive_Summary.pdf
Balgos, B. C. (2014). People’s response to disasters: vulnerability, capacities, and resilience in Philippine context. Philippine Political Science Journal, 127-129.
Bamuhair, S. S., Al Farhan, A. I., Althubaiti, A., Agha, S., & Ibrahim, N. O. (2015). Sources of stress and coping strategies among undergraduate medical students enrolled in a problem-based learning curriculum. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015.
Bedewy, D., & Gabriel, A. (2015). Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students: The Perception of Academic Stress Scale. Health psychology open, 2(2), 2055102915596714.
Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., & Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of affective disorders, 173, 90-96.
Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Stevens, L. E., & Henson, J. M. (2016). Depressive symptoms and alcohol-related problems among college students: a moderated-mediated model of mindfulness and drinking to cope. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 77(4), 661-666.
Britt, S. L., Mendiola, M. R., Schink, G. H., Tibbetts, R. H., & Jones, S. H. (2016). Financial stress, coping strategy, and academic achievement of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 27(2), 172-183.
Chernomas, W. M., & Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. International journal of nursing education scholarship, 10(1), 255-266.
Dariotis, J. K., Cluxton-Keller, F., Mirabal-Beltran, R., Gould, L. F., Greenberg, M. T., & Mendelson, T. (2016). “The program affects me’cause it gives away stressâ€: Urban students’ qualitative perspectives on stress and a school-based mindful yoga intervention. Explore, 12(6), 443-450.
Davis, F. B. (1946). Item-analysis data; their computation, interpretation, and use in test construction. Harvard Education Papers.
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress and subjective well-being among first year UK undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 505-525.
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355-391.
Divaris, K., Barlow, P. J., Chendea, S. A., Cheong, W. S., Dounis, A., Dragan, I. F., & ... Mo’nes, M. (2008). The academic environment: the students’ perspective. European Journal of Dental Education, 12, 120-130.
Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., Gollust, S., & Hefner, J. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 534-542.
Elias, H., Ping, W. S., & Abdullah, M. C. (2011). Stress and academic achievement among undergraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 646-655.
Figueroa, L. L., Lim, S., & Lee, J. (2018). Modelling the effect of deprived physical urban environments on academic performance in the Philippines. GeoJournal, 83(1), 13-30.
Gémes, K., Frumento, P., Almondo, G., Bottai, M., Holm, J., Alexanderson, K., & Friberg, E. (2019). A prediction model for duration of sickness absence due to stress-related disorders. Journal of affective disorders, 250, 9-15.
Gunasingam, N., Burns, K., Edwards, J., Dinh, M., & Walton, M. (2015). Reducing stress and burnout in junior doctors: the impact of debriefing sessions. Postgraduate medical journal, 91(1074), 182-187.
Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jacobi, F., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Beghi, E.., Fratiglioni, L. (2010). Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21: 718-779.
Heckman, S., Lim, H., & Montalto, C. (2014). Factors related to financial stress among college students. Journal of Financial Therapy, 5(1), 3.
Hetolang, L. T., & Amone-P’Olak, K. (2018). The associations between stressful life events and depression among students in a university in Botswana. South African Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 255-267.
Hindman, R. K., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., & Maron, D. D. (2015). A comparison of formal and informal mindfulness programs for stress reduction in university students. Mindfulness, 6(4), 873-884.
Hjeltnes, A., Binder, P. E., Moltu, C., & Dundas, I. (2015). Facing the fear of failure: An explorative qualitative study of client experiences in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program for university students with academic evaluation anxiety. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 10(1), 27990.
Kõlves, K., Ross, V., Hawgood, J., Spence, S. H., & De Leo, D. (2017). The impact of a student's suicide: Teachers’ perspectives. Journal of affective disorders, 207, 276-281.
Kumaraswamy, N. (2013). Academic stress, anxiety and depression among college students - a brief review. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 135-143.
Larcombe, W., Finch, S., Sore, R., Murray, C. M., Kentish, S., Mulder, R. A., & ... Williams, D. A. (2016). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological distress among students at an Australian university. Studies in Higher Education, 41(6), 1074-1091.
Lee, K., Lee, H. K., & Kim, S. H. (2017). Temperament and character profile of college students who have suicidal ideas or have attempted suicide. Journal of affective disorders, 221, 198-204.
Lim, H., Heckman, S., Montalto, C. P., & Letkiewicz, J. (2014). Financial stress, self-efficacy, and financial help-seeking behavior of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 25(2), 148-160.
Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Bao, G., Huang, Y., Ji, B., W. Y., & ... Li, G. (2019). Predictors of depressive symptoms in college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of affective disorders, 244, 196-208.
Lupien, S., McEwen, B., Gunnar, M., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and congnition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10, 434-445.
Mahar, I., Bambico, F. R., Mechawar, N., & Nobrega, J. (2014). Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 173-192.
Melaku, L., Mossie, A., & Negash, A. (2015). tress among medical students and its association with substance use and academic performance. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015.
Mina, C. D., & Imai, K. S. (2017). Estimation of vulnerability to poverty using a multilevel longitudinal model: Evidence from the Philippines. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(12), 2118-2144.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2019). Mental Health. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/mental-health.htm
Pariat, L., Rynjah, M., Joplin, M., & Kharjana, M. (2014). Stress levels of college students: interrelationship between stressors and coping strategies. IOSR J. Humanit. Soc. Sci, 19, 40-45.
Parrocha-Dilim, Joanne Namnama (2018). Suicide can be prevented, DOH-1 officials say. Republic of the Philippines: Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1012558
Saeed, A. A., Bahnassy, A. A., Al-Hamdan, N. A., Almudhaibery, F. S., & Alyahya, A. Z. (2016). Perceived stress and associated factors among medical students. Journal of family & community medicine, 23(3), 166.
Saipanish, R. (2003). Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Medical teacher, 25(5), 502-506.
Sarita, S. (2015). Academic stress among students: role and responsibilities of parents. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(10), 385-388.
Segerstrom, S., & Miller, G. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601-630.
Shaikh, B. T., Kahloon, A., Kazmi, M., Khalid, H., Nawaz, K., Khan, N., & Khan, S. (2004). Students, stress and coping strategies: a case of Pakistani medical school. Education for health-abingdon-carfax publishing limited-, 17, 346-353.
Sherina, M. S., Rampal, L., & Kaneson, N. (2004). Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 59(2), 207-211.
Sohail, N. (2013). Stress and academic performance among medical students. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 23(1), 67-71.
Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean Nursing Students. Nurse Education Today, 35(1), 86-90.
Supe, A. N. (1998). A study of stress in medical students at Seth GS Medical College. Journal of postgraduate medicine, 44, (1), 1.
Tang, F., Byrne, M., & Qin, P. (2018). Psychological distress and risk for suicidal behavior among university students in contemporary China. Journal of affective disorders, 228, 101-108.
Trautmann, S., Rehm, J., & Wittchen, H. U. (2016). The economic costs of mental disorders: Do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO reports, 17(9), 1245-1249.
Uehara, T., Takeuchi, K., Kubota, F., Oshima, K., & Ishikawa, O. (2010). Annual transition of major depressive episode in university students using a structured self-rating questionnaire. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 2(2), 99-104.
Urquijo, I., Extremera, N., & Villa, A. (2016). Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in graduates: the mediating effect of perceived stress. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11(4), 1241-1252.
Van der Riet, P., Rossiter, R., Kirby, D., Dluzewska, T., & Harmon, C. (2015). Piloting a stress management and mindfulness program for undergraduate nursing students: Student feedback and lessons learned. Nurse Education , 35(1), 44-49.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Mental health: suicide data. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
Wu, D., Rockett, I. R., Yang, T., Feng, X., Jiang, S., && Yu, L. (2016). Deliberate self-harm among Chinese medical students: a population-based study. Journal of affective disorders, 202, 137-144.
Wyatt, T., & Oswalt, S. B. (2013). Comparing mental health issues among undergraduate and graduate students. American Journal of Health Education, 44(2), 96-107.
Zimmaro, L. A., Salmon, P., Naidu, H., Rowe, J., Phillips, K., Rebholz, W. N., & ... Jablonski, M. E. (2016). Association of dispositional mindfulness with stress, cortisol, and well-being among university undergraduate students. Mindfulness, 7(4), 874-885.
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2019-12-31
How to Cite
Bate, G. P., Go, M. B., & Velos, S. P. (2019). Top Stressors among Filipino Undergraduate Students: A Multicenter - Interdisciplinary Study. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1907.02.07
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