Melliferous Resources for Bee Forage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1604.01.02Keywords:
Ecology, melliferous resources, bee forage, nectar, pollen, floral calendar, descriptive survey, Cagayan Valley, PhilippinesAbstract
Efficiency of beekeeping industry depends not only on honeybee strains, its management and hive structures, but also on the abundance, availability and proper utilization of bee flora around bee farming areas. The present investigation was conducted in three barangays in Northwestern Cagayan covering Culao, Sitio Nagbaranganan in Centro 2 and Balingit from March 2014 to April 2015.  The study used a descriptive survey method to identify the diversity of melliferous resources and to develop a floral calendar in relation to pollen and nectar availability in the area. Data was analyzed using a frequency count.  In the three vegetations sampled, 54 plant species are useful to honeybees, 27 of which are forest trees, 25 are agricultural crops, and one each is a shrub and a weed. The study ascertained 18 flowering plants as extremely important bee floras since these blossom throughout the year. March to May were identified as the honey flow periods. July to September (dry season) and October to December (rainy season) were the dearth periods for honeybees in the study area. A floral calendar was developed based on the characteristics, abundance, time and duration of bloom of the bee flora.  Northwestern Cagayan is suitable to initiate bee farming.References
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Berenbaum, M. R. (Ed.). (2016). Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. PNAS . Vol. 113 (1). Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.pnas.org/content/113/1/146.full.pdf.
Bhalchandra, W. & Baviskar, R. K. (2015). Diversity of bee foraging flora and floral calendar of Paithan Taluka of Aurangabad District (Maharashtra), India. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 17(2): 155-159. Retrieved on June 6, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283812962_Diversity_of_bee_foraging_flora_and_floral_calendar_of_Paithan_taluka_of_Aurangabad_district_Maharashtra_India
Bhalchandra, W., Baviskar, R. K. & Nikam, T. B. (2014). Diversity of nectariferous and polleniferous bee flora at Anjaneri and Dugarwadi hills of Western Ghats of Nasik District (M. S.) India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (4): 244-249. ISSN 2320-7078. Retrieved on April 25, 2015, from http://www.entomoljournal.com/ vol2Issue4/pdf/87.1.pdf.
Bista, S., & Shivakoti, G. P. (2001). Honeybee flora at Kabre, Dolakha District. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, 4, 18-25. Retrieved on April 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/wyygd.
Bradbear, N. (2009). Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: a guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-106181-7. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/i0842e/i0842e00.pdf.
Cacatian, S. B., Pacris, Jr. F. A., & Garan, L. M. (2013). Floral phenology of bee pasture plants in Northwestern Cagayan (Phase 1). International Journal of Ecology and Conservation, 7, 125-145.
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Differences in honey bee and bumble bee foraging behavior. (n.d.) Retrieved on June 3, 2014, from http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/bio360/sample.PDF.
Dukku, U. H. (2013). Identification of plants visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Northeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science . Vol. 7 (7), pp. 273-284. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPS/article-full-text-pdf/E169CAC12382.
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Fadare, S. O., Ojo, S. O., & Imoudu, P. B. (2008). Analysis of production performance of beekeeping in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Retrieved o June 4, 2016, from http://www.apimondia.com/apiacta/articles/2008/analysis_niger_delta.pdf.
Forage (honey bee). (n.d.) In Wikipedia. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forage_(honey_bee).
Gebeyehu , A., Kebede, T., Zuber, S., Gutu, T., Umeta, G., Lemma, T., & Hundessa, F. (2010). Participatory rural appraisal investigation on beekeeping in Arsi Negelle and Shashemene Districts of West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 22 (7). Retrieved on May 3, 2015, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/7/ gebe22120.htm.
Gebretsadik, T. (2016). Assessment of major Honey bee flora resources on selected districts of Sidama and Gedeo zones of South nations nationalities and peoples regional state, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development: ISSN-2360-798X, Vol. 4 (2): pp 368-381. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.springjournals.net/full-articles/springjournals.netjaeerdarticlesindex=8teklu.pdf?view=inline
Harugade, S., & Chaphalkar, S. (2013). Floristic studies with reference to Honey bees of Baramati, Pune District. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 8. ISSN 2278-7763. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.ijoart.org/docs/Floristic-studies-with-reference-to-Honey-bees-of-Baramati-Pune-District.pdf.
Heaf, P., & Heaf, D. (2010). Beekeeping for all. 6th electronic English edition. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.naturalbeekeeping.com.au/beekeeping_for_all.pdf.
Jacobs, F. J., Simoens, C., de Graaf, D. C., & Deckers, J. (2006). Scope for non-wood forest products income generation from rehabilitation areas: focus on beekeeping. Journal of the Drylands, 1 (2), 171-185. Retrieved on May 5, 2015, from http://goo.gl/k9I9F.
Javi International Consulting PLC. (2015). Low cost queen bee rearing; queen bee rearing ranch development. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from https://www3.wipo.int/wipogreen-database/SearchDetailPage.htm?query=&type=all&id=NGREEN2780.
Jayakumar, R., & Nair, K. K. N. (2013). Species diversity and tree regeneration patterns in tropical forests of the Western Ghats, India. ISRN Ecology. Volume 2013, Article ID 890862, 14 pages. Retrieved on May 2, 2015, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/890862/.
Kleinert, A., & Giannini, T. C. (2012). Generalist bee species on Brazilian bee-plant interaction networks. Psyche, Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 291519. Retrieved on August 8, 2014, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/291519/
Krengel, L. (2006). Honeybee home range. Retrieved on February 22, 2014, from http:/www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen06/gen06212.ht.
Lietaer, C. (2009). Impact of beekeeping on forest conservation, preservation of forest ecosystems and poverty reduction. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238732690_Impact_of_beekeeping_on_forest_conservation_preservation_of_forest_ecosystems_and_poverty_reduction
Liseki, S., & Boniphace, S. (2008). Honeybee colony development and the flowering calendar. Journal of Bees for Development, 32. Retrieved on July 15, 2014, from www.beesfordevelopment.org.
Manyi-Loh, C. E., Clarke, A. M., & Ndip, R. N. (2011). An overview of honey: therapeutic properties and contribution in nutrition and human health. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(8):844-852. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380712636_Manyi%E2%80%93Loh%20%20et%20al.pdf.
Namwata, B. M. L., Mdundo, K. J., & Malila, M. N. (2013). Potentials and challenges of beekeeping industry in Balang’dalalu Ward, Hanang’ District in Manyara, Tanzania. Kivukoni Journal Vol. 1 No. 2, 2013: 75 -93. Retrieved on May 2, 2016, from http://www.mnma.ac.tz/ch5.pdf.
Neupane, K. R., & Thapa, R. B. (2005). Pollen collection and brood production by honeybees (Apis mellifera l.) under Chitwan condition of Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 143-148. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/667-2473-1-PB.pdf.
Nicholson, C. (2012) An Analysis of local honey: foraging effects and colony fitness of Philadelphia honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.). Retrieved on February 23, 2014, from http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/arboretum/pdf/Flora_Book2012.pdf.
Pollination: establishing a bee pasture. n.d. The University of Georgia. College of Agriculture and Environmental Science. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.ent.uga.edu/bees/pollination/establishing-bee-pasture.html.
Sinervo, B. (2006). Optimal foraging theory. Retrieved on February 22, 2014, from http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/CHAPTER_PDFS/Chap_6_Optimal.pdf
Somerville, D. C. (2000). Honey bee nutrition and supplementary feeding. NSW Agriculture. DAI/178. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117494/honey-bee-nutrition-supplementary-feeding.pdf.
Somerville, D. C. (2001). Nutritional value of bee collected pollens. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Retrieved on April 26, 2015, from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/01-047.pdf.
Teklay, A. (2011). Seasonal availability of common bee flora in relation to land use and colony performance in Gergera Watershed of Atsbi-Womberta district, eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation, MSc thesis, Watershed Management, Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Wondo Genet, Ethiopia. Retrieved on September 8, 2014, from http://goo.gl/WSCEZ.
Wubie, A., Bezabeh, A. & Kebede, K. (2014). Floral phenology and pollen potential of honey bee plants in North East dry land areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 7, Issue 5 Ver. I (May. 2014), PP 36-49. Retrieved on April 26, 2015, from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/vol7-issue5/Version-1/H07513649.pdf.
Al-Ghamdi, A., Adgaba , N., Getachew, A., & Tadesse, Y. (2016). New approach for determination of an optimum honeybee colony’s carrying capacity based on productivity and nectar secretion potential of bee forage species. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. Volume 23, Issue 1, January 2016, Pages 92–10. Retrieved on May 1, 2016, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1319562X14001272.
Belie, T. (2009). Honeybee production and marketing systems, constraints and opportunities in Burie District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia.†Published Master’s Thesis. Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Retrieved on December 3, 2013, from http: //cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/721/Thesis_BelieHoneybee.pdf?sequence=1.
Berenbaum, M. R. (Ed.). (2016). Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. PNAS . Vol. 113 (1). Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.pnas.org/content/113/1/146.full.pdf.
Bhalchandra, W. & Baviskar, R. K. (2015). Diversity of bee foraging flora and floral calendar of Paithan Taluka of Aurangabad District (Maharashtra), India. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 17(2): 155-159. Retrieved on June 6, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283812962_Diversity_of_bee_foraging_flora_and_floral_calendar_of_Paithan_taluka_of_Aurangabad_district_Maharashtra_India
Bhalchandra, W., Baviskar, R. K. & Nikam, T. B. (2014). Diversity of nectariferous and polleniferous bee flora at Anjaneri and Dugarwadi hills of Western Ghats of Nasik District (M. S.) India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (4): 244-249. ISSN 2320-7078. Retrieved on April 25, 2015, from http://www.entomoljournal.com/ vol2Issue4/pdf/87.1.pdf.
Bista, S., & Shivakoti, G. P. (2001). Honeybee flora at Kabre, Dolakha District. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, 4, 18-25. Retrieved on April 25, 2015, from http://goo.gl/wyygd.
Bradbear, N. (2009). Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: a guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-106181-7. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/i0842e/i0842e00.pdf.
Cacatian, S. B., Pacris, Jr. F. A., & Garan, L. M. (2013). Floral phenology of bee pasture plants in Northwestern Cagayan (Phase 1). International Journal of Ecology and Conservation, 7, 125-145.
Delaplane, K. S., Thomas, P. A. & McLaurin, W. J. (2013). Bee pollination of Georgia crop plants. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1106. Retrieved on May 2, 2015, from http://extension.uga.edu/publications/files/ pdf/B%201106_2.PDF.
Differences in honey bee and bumble bee foraging behavior. (n.d.) Retrieved on June 3, 2014, from http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/bio360/sample.PDF.
Dukku, U. H. (2013). Identification of plants visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Northeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science . Vol. 7 (7), pp. 273-284. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPS/article-full-text-pdf/E169CAC12382.
Ejigu, K., Gebey, T., & Preston, T. R. (2009). Constraints and prospects for apiculture research and development in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 21 (10). Retrieved on June 5, 2015, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/10/ejig21172.htm
Fadare, S. O., Ojo, S. O., & Imoudu, P. B. (2008). Analysis of production performance of beekeeping in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Retrieved o June 4, 2016, from http://www.apimondia.com/apiacta/articles/2008/analysis_niger_delta.pdf.
Forage (honey bee). (n.d.) In Wikipedia. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forage_(honey_bee).
Gebeyehu , A., Kebede, T., Zuber, S., Gutu, T., Umeta, G., Lemma, T., & Hundessa, F. (2010). Participatory rural appraisal investigation on beekeeping in Arsi Negelle and Shashemene Districts of West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 22 (7). Retrieved on May 3, 2015, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/7/ gebe22120.htm.
Gebretsadik, T. (2016). Assessment of major Honey bee flora resources on selected districts of Sidama and Gedeo zones of South nations nationalities and peoples regional state, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development: ISSN-2360-798X, Vol. 4 (2): pp 368-381. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.springjournals.net/full-articles/springjournals.netjaeerdarticlesindex=8teklu.pdf?view=inline
Harugade, S., & Chaphalkar, S. (2013). Floristic studies with reference to Honey bees of Baramati, Pune District. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 8. ISSN 2278-7763. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.ijoart.org/docs/Floristic-studies-with-reference-to-Honey-bees-of-Baramati-Pune-District.pdf.
Heaf, P., & Heaf, D. (2010). Beekeeping for all. 6th electronic English edition. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.naturalbeekeeping.com.au/beekeeping_for_all.pdf.
Jacobs, F. J., Simoens, C., de Graaf, D. C., & Deckers, J. (2006). Scope for non-wood forest products income generation from rehabilitation areas: focus on beekeeping. Journal of the Drylands, 1 (2), 171-185. Retrieved on May 5, 2015, from http://goo.gl/k9I9F.
Javi International Consulting PLC. (2015). Low cost queen bee rearing; queen bee rearing ranch development. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from https://www3.wipo.int/wipogreen-database/SearchDetailPage.htm?query=&type=all&id=NGREEN2780.
Jayakumar, R., & Nair, K. K. N. (2013). Species diversity and tree regeneration patterns in tropical forests of the Western Ghats, India. ISRN Ecology. Volume 2013, Article ID 890862, 14 pages. Retrieved on May 2, 2015, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/890862/.
Kleinert, A., & Giannini, T. C. (2012). Generalist bee species on Brazilian bee-plant interaction networks. Psyche, Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 291519. Retrieved on August 8, 2014, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/291519/
Krengel, L. (2006). Honeybee home range. Retrieved on February 22, 2014, from http:/www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen06/gen06212.ht.
Lietaer, C. (2009). Impact of beekeeping on forest conservation, preservation of forest ecosystems and poverty reduction. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238732690_Impact_of_beekeeping_on_forest_conservation_preservation_of_forest_ecosystems_and_poverty_reduction
Liseki, S., & Boniphace, S. (2008). Honeybee colony development and the flowering calendar. Journal of Bees for Development, 32. Retrieved on July 15, 2014, from www.beesfordevelopment.org.
Manyi-Loh, C. E., Clarke, A. M., & Ndip, R. N. (2011). An overview of honey: therapeutic properties and contribution in nutrition and human health. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(8):844-852. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380712636_Manyi%E2%80%93Loh%20%20et%20al.pdf.
Namwata, B. M. L., Mdundo, K. J., & Malila, M. N. (2013). Potentials and challenges of beekeeping industry in Balang’dalalu Ward, Hanang’ District in Manyara, Tanzania. Kivukoni Journal Vol. 1 No. 2, 2013: 75 -93. Retrieved on May 2, 2016, from http://www.mnma.ac.tz/ch5.pdf.
Neupane, K. R., & Thapa, R. B. (2005). Pollen collection and brood production by honeybees (Apis mellifera l.) under Chitwan condition of Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 143-148. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/667-2473-1-PB.pdf.
Nicholson, C. (2012) An Analysis of local honey: foraging effects and colony fitness of Philadelphia honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.). Retrieved on February 23, 2014, from http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/arboretum/pdf/Flora_Book2012.pdf.
Pollination: establishing a bee pasture. n.d. The University of Georgia. College of Agriculture and Environmental Science. Retrieved on June 5, 2016, from http://www.ent.uga.edu/bees/pollination/establishing-bee-pasture.html.
Sinervo, B. (2006). Optimal foraging theory. Retrieved on February 22, 2014, from http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/CHAPTER_PDFS/Chap_6_Optimal.pdf
Somerville, D. C. (2000). Honey bee nutrition and supplementary feeding. NSW Agriculture. DAI/178. Retrieved on June 4, 2016, from http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117494/honey-bee-nutrition-supplementary-feeding.pdf.
Somerville, D. C. (2001). Nutritional value of bee collected pollens. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Retrieved on April 26, 2015, from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/01-047.pdf.
Teklay, A. (2011). Seasonal availability of common bee flora in relation to land use and colony performance in Gergera Watershed of Atsbi-Womberta district, eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation, MSc thesis, Watershed Management, Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Wondo Genet, Ethiopia. Retrieved on September 8, 2014, from http://goo.gl/WSCEZ.
Wubie, A., Bezabeh, A. & Kebede, K. (2014). Floral phenology and pollen potential of honey bee plants in North East dry land areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 7, Issue 5 Ver. I (May. 2014), PP 36-49. Retrieved on April 26, 2015, from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/vol7-issue5/Version-1/H07513649.pdf.
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Published
2016-06-30
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Cacatian, S. B. (2016). Melliferous Resources for Bee Forage. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1604.01.02
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