Practices of Entomophagy and Entomotherapy in Cebu Island, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1604.02.05Keywords:
Entomophagy, Entomotherapy, Entomology, Key InformantsAbstract
The different features of entomophagy and entomotherapy practiced by the key informants and local villagers in Cebu Island, Philippines were documented.A survey was conducted in remote areas of Barangay Alambijud, Argao and BarangayLusaran, Cebu City, Cebu from June-October,2012 to discover the medicinal and edible uses of different insect species in these sites. Fourteen key informants were identified with the aid of two sampling methods- snowball technique and purposive sampling. Open-ended questionnaires were employed to obtain authentic and significant information from the key informants. An inventory on the knowledge on the wild edible and medicinal insects in the study areas is presented here. Results showedthat these key informants profusely utilized wide range of biological resources in diverse ways, and thus contribute to their daily activities. As a whole, the factors that influenced their entomological practices include their socio-demographic and educational background, accessibility to urban societies and the open availability of certain resources particularly the insects they use and the influence brought about by their family and community. Moreover, these informants had different insects used in their practices, and they had their ways of preparing and administering these as medicines and food. Regardless of these differences, all of them were able to perceive that the insects used as medicine and food were equally beneficial to them.Traditional knowledge regardingentomotherapy and entomophagy in Cebu is very essential since folk medicine is still one of the most important resources for food and discovery of unknown natural drug resources. It is indicated that these medicinal and edible insects are comparable with other conventional food commodities by incorporating scientific validation to the traditional knowledge.
References
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Amorim, J. P. (1963). Medicina Popular emAlagoas, DepartamentoEstadual de Cultura, Maceio Ì.
Antonio, T. M. F. (1994). Insects as remedies in Zaire. The Food Insects Newsletter. Vol. 7(3): 4–5.
Atkinson, P., & Coffey, A. (2004). Analyzing documentary realities. In: D. Silverman, (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice in London: Sage Publications Ltd. pp. 45–62
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Bonnet, D.D. (1948). Certain Aspects of Medical Entomology in Hawaii.Proc. Hawn. Ent.Soc. Vol. 8(2):225-233.
Brooks, M.A. (1964). Symbiotes and the Nutrition of Medically Important Insects.Bull WildHealth Org. Vol. 31: 555-559.
Burnham, T., & Phelan, J. (2012). Mean genes: From sex to money to food: Taming our primal instincts. Basic Books.
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Chen, X.M., &Feng, Y. (1999). Edible insects in China, Beijing.China: Science and Technology Press.
Chen, Z.Y. (2008). Insect world and human society. Guang Zhou:Zhongshan University Press.
de Conconi E and Moreno, J.M. (1988). The Utilization of Insects in the empiricalmedicine of ancient Mexicans. Journal Ethnobiology.Vol. 8(2):195-202.
Costa-Neto, E.M.C. (2002). The Use of Insects in Folk Medicine in the State of Bahia,Northeastern Brazil: with Notes on Insects Reported Elsewhere in Brazilian Folk Medicine. Human Ecology.Vol. (2): 254-263.
Conconi, J. R. E., &Pino, M. J. M. (1988). The utilization of insects in the empirical medicine
of ancient Mexicans. Journal of EthnobiologyVol. 8(2): 195–202.
DeFoliart, G.R. (2002). The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: A BibliographicAccount in Progress. Retrieved from: http://www.food-insects.com.
Dong,W.G., &Gao, J.R. (2005). High nutrition insect food-black grasshopper. Food and Drug.); Vol. (7) 62-63.
Etefar-Oskouei, T. &Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and Modern Uses of Natural Honey in Human Diseases: A Review. Iran J. Basic Med Sci. Vol 16 (6). Pp. 731-742.
Food and Agriculture Organizations (2010). Edible insects. Future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper. ISSN. 0258-6150.
Garcia, V.R., Marti, N., Medade, T., Tanner, &Vadez, S.V. (2007). Concepts and Methods instudies measuring individual Ethnobotanical knowledge.Journal of Ethnobiology. Vol. 27(2):182203.
Gautam, A. P., Shivakoti, G. P., & Webb, E. L. (2004). A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. International forestry review, 6(2), 136-148.
Ghosh, A. (1982). Sengupta T: Handbook on Insect collection, presentation and studyKolkata.India: ZoolSurv.
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Keiter, R. B. (1998). Ecosystems and the law: toward an integrated approach. Ecological Applications, Vol. 8(2), 332-341.
Lin, N.Y., Liu, W.Z., &Li, W.L. (2000). Study on the Chemical Components of Blapsjapanensis
yunnanenis Mars.Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy. Vol. 3, 162-164. 186.
Manyi-Loh, C.E., Clarke, A.M. &Ndip, R.N. (2011). An overview of honey: Therapeutic properties and contribution in nutrition and human health. African Journal of Microbiology Research. Vol. 5(8), pp. 844-852. Available online: http:// www.academicjournals.org/ajmr.doi:10.5897/AJMR10.008.ISSN 1996-0808. Academic Journal.
Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative researching. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
McNamara, C. (1999). General Guidelines for conducting Interviews.Minisota Publication.
Meiselman, H. L. (1996). The contextual basis for food acceptance, food choice and food intake: the food, the situation and the individual. In Food choice, acceptance and consumption. Springer US, pp. 239-263.
Meyer-Rochow, V.B. (2009). Food taboos: their origins and purposes. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.Vol. 5(18):1-10.
Mitsuhashi, J. (2008). Sekaikonchushokotaizen Tokyo, YasakaShobo.
Molan, P. (2001). Why honey is effective as medicine: 2. The scientific explanation of its effects. Bee world, Vol 82(1), pp.22-40.
Molan, P.C. & Betts, J.A. (2004). Clinical usage of honey as a wound dressing: an update. J. Wound Care. Vol. 5:40-54.
Narzari, S. &Sarmah, J. (2015). A study on the prevalence of entomophagy among Bodos of Assam. E-ISSN: 2320-7078. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 3(2): 315-320.
Negri, M.C. &Hinchman, R.R. (1996). Plants that Remove Contaminants from the Environment. Laboratory Medicine. Vol. 27(1): 36-40.
Nonaka, K. (2005). Ethnoentomology - Insect Eating and Human-Insect RelationshipTokyo, University of Tokyo Press; 2005.
Oliver, P. (2006). The Sage Dictionary of Social Research Methods. Retrieved from: srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-sage-dictionary-of-social research-methods/n162.xml
Orhan, F., Sekerel, B. E., Kocabas, C. N., Sackesen, C., Adalioglu, G., &Tuncer, A. (2003). Complementary and alternative medicine in children with asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Vol. 90(6), 611-615.
Pearce, D. W., & Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. JHU Press.
Peng, W.Z., Luo, H.R., &Wang, K.Q. (2003). Present status and development Countermeasures
In insect food industry.Human Agricultural Sciences. Vol. (3): 69-71.
Pemberton, R.W. (1999). Insect and other Arthropads used as drugs in KoreanTraditional medicine.Journal Ethnopharmacol. Vol. (65): pp. 207-216.
Posey, D.A. (1981). Wasps, Warrior and Fearless Men: Ethnoentomology of the KayapoIndians of Central Brazil.Journal Ethnobiology. Vol. 1(1): 165-174.
Randolph, J. (2009). A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. PracticalAssessment Research & Evaluation. Vol. 14 (13): 7. Retrieved from: pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdf
Ranjit-Singh, A., Padmahatha, C. (2004). Ethnoentomological Practices in Tirunelvelidistrict,Tamil Nadu.Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Vol. 3(4): 422-446.
Rastogi N. 2011. Provisioning services from ants: food and pharmaceuticals. AsianMyrmecology. Vol. (4): 103-120.
Reim, H. (1962). Die Insektennahrung der australischenUreinwohner Berlin, AkademieVerlag.
Rendel, M., Mayer. C., Weninger. W.,&Tschachler, E. (2001). Topically Applied of lactic acidincreases spontaneous secretion of muscular endothelial growth factor by human constructed epidermis. Br. J Dermatol. Vol. 145: 3-9.
Reynaldo, J., Santos, A. (1999). Cronbach's Alpha: A Tool for Assessing the Reliability of ScalesJournal of Extension. Vol. 37 (2).Retrieved from: http://www.joe.org/joe/1999april/tt3.php
Rosales, M.C. (2010). Buhisan Insect Attact: Damage teak trees producing new leaves(Internet). The Freeman.Retrieved from: www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=599618&publicationSubCategoryId=107
Savithramma, N., Sulochana, C., & Rao, K. N. (2007). Ethnobotanical survey of plants used to treat asthma in Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 54-61.
Sabre, Z.L., Kambhampati, S.,& Moran, N.A. (2009). Nitrogen recycling and nutritionalprovisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbion. ProcNatlAcadSci USAVol. 106 (46). Retrieved from: doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0907504106.
Silverman, D. (2006). Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction (3rd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.Available online: www.ijiit.webs.com
Shantibala, T., Lokeshwari, R.K. &Debaraj-Sharma, H. (2012). Entomophagy Practices among the ethnic communities of Manipur, North-east India. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology. ISSN 2278-1145.
Srivastava, S.K., Babu, N.,& Pandey, H. (2008). Traditional insects biorefeeling – As humanfood and medium. (NRCWA) National Research Centre for Women in Agriculture. P.O. Baramunda, Bhubaneswar 751003, Urissa.
Starr, C.K. (1993). YamiEthnoentomology. Taipei: Field Materials.InstittuteEthnol, Acad.Sinica. Vol. (8):117-134.
Stepp, J.R. (2005). Advances in Ethnobiological Field Methods Vol. (11); 17 (3):211-218. Available from: doi: 10.117/1525822xo5277459.
Thapa, R. (2012). Honeybees of Nepal: diversity, beekeeping, and medical products ofBee products. Sansik Journal. Vol. (11). 4: 1-9.
Van Hui, A (2003). Insects as food in Sub-Saharan Africa. Insect SciApplic. Vol 23:163-185.
Van Trijp, H. C., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (1992). Consumers' variety seeking tendency with respect to foods: measurement and managerial implications. European Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 19(2), 181-195.
Xiaoming, C., Ying, F., Hong, Z. &Zhiyong, C. (2010). Review of the nutritive value of edible insects. In P.B. Durst, D.V. Johnson, R.L. Leslie. & K. Shono, eds. Forest insects as food: humans bite back, proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Yang, G.H. (1998). Utilization and Industrialization of Insect Resources in China, Beijing.China: Agricultural Press.
Yen, A.L. (2010). Edible insects and other invertebrates in Australia: future prospects. InP.B. Durst, D.V. Johnson, R.L. Leslie. & K. Shono, eds. Forest insects as food: humans bite back, proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.pp. 65–84.
Yen, A.L. (2012). Edible insects and management of country. Ecological Management & Restoration, 13(1): 97–99.
Yi, C., He, Q., Wang, L., &Kuang, R. (2010). The Utilization of Insect-resources in ChineseRural Area. Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol. 2(3): 146-154. Available from: www.ccsenet.org/jas.pdf
Wang, X.Q., Chen, C.Q., &Zhao, H. (2002). Rearing Clanisbilineaca in soybean field and its profit. Entomological Knowledge. Vol. 39(1): 30-33.
Alhassan, A.J., Sulel, M.S, Hsassan A, Baba B.A., Aliyu, A., &Aliyu, M.D. (2009). Proximate andElemental Composition of White Grubs.Bayero Journal of Pare and Applied Sciences. Vol 2(2):188-190.
Andary, C., Motte-Florac, E., Ramos-Elorduy, J., &Privat, A. (1996). Chemical screening: Updated methodology applied to medicinal insects. The 3rd European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology and 1st International Conference of Anthropology and History of Health and Disease. Abstracts, ErgaEdizione. s.p., Genes.
Amorim, J. P. (1963). Medicina Popular emAlagoas, DepartamentoEstadual de Cultura, Maceio Ì.
Antonio, T. M. F. (1994). Insects as remedies in Zaire. The Food Insects Newsletter. Vol. 7(3): 4–5.
Atkinson, P., & Coffey, A. (2004). Analyzing documentary realities. In: D. Silverman, (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice in London: Sage Publications Ltd. pp. 45–62
Bodenheimer, F.S. (1951). Insects as Human Food: A Chapter of the Ecology of Man. TheHague: Dr. W. Junk, Publisher. 352.
Bonnet, D.D. (1948). Certain Aspects of Medical Entomology in Hawaii.Proc. Hawn. Ent.Soc. Vol. 8(2):225-233.
Brooks, M.A. (1964). Symbiotes and the Nutrition of Medically Important Insects.Bull WildHealth Org. Vol. 31: 555-559.
Burnham, T., & Phelan, J. (2012). Mean genes: From sex to money to food: Taming our primal instincts. Basic Books.
Cameron, K. (2010). Entomotherapy: Revolting Recipes or Marvellous Medicine(Internet). Animal Sciences; (cited 2012 July 22). Retrieved from:http://cabiblog.typepad.com/hand_picked/2010/06/entomotherapy-revolting-
recipes-or-marvellous-medicine.html
Che, S.J.& Li, C.H. (1996). Current situation and development strategy of insect food. China:Food and Nutrition. Vol. 4, 14-17.
Chen, X.M., &Feng, Y. (1999). Edible insects in China, Beijing.China: Science and Technology Press.
Chen, Z.Y. (2008). Insect world and human society. Guang Zhou:Zhongshan University Press.
de Conconi E and Moreno, J.M. (1988). The Utilization of Insects in the empiricalmedicine of ancient Mexicans. Journal Ethnobiology.Vol. 8(2):195-202.
Costa-Neto, E.M.C. (2002). The Use of Insects in Folk Medicine in the State of Bahia,Northeastern Brazil: with Notes on Insects Reported Elsewhere in Brazilian Folk Medicine. Human Ecology.Vol. (2): 254-263.
Conconi, J. R. E., &Pino, M. J. M. (1988). The utilization of insects in the empirical medicine
of ancient Mexicans. Journal of EthnobiologyVol. 8(2): 195–202.
DeFoliart, G.R. (2002). The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource: A BibliographicAccount in Progress. Retrieved from: http://www.food-insects.com.
Dong,W.G., &Gao, J.R. (2005). High nutrition insect food-black grasshopper. Food and Drug.); Vol. (7) 62-63.
Etefar-Oskouei, T. &Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and Modern Uses of Natural Honey in Human Diseases: A Review. Iran J. Basic Med Sci. Vol 16 (6). Pp. 731-742.
Food and Agriculture Organizations (2010). Edible insects. Future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper. ISSN. 0258-6150.
Garcia, V.R., Marti, N., Medade, T., Tanner, &Vadez, S.V. (2007). Concepts and Methods instudies measuring individual Ethnobotanical knowledge.Journal of Ethnobiology. Vol. 27(2):182203.
Gautam, A. P., Shivakoti, G. P., & Webb, E. L. (2004). A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. International forestry review, 6(2), 136-148.
Ghosh, A. (1982). Sengupta T: Handbook on Insect collection, presentation and studyKolkata.India: ZoolSurv.
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., ... &Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. science, Vol. 327(5967), 812-818.
Kyale, S. (1996). An Induction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage Publications.
Keiter, R. B. (1998). Ecosystems and the law: toward an integrated approach. Ecological Applications, Vol. 8(2), 332-341.
Lin, N.Y., Liu, W.Z., &Li, W.L. (2000). Study on the Chemical Components of Blapsjapanensis
yunnanenis Mars.Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy. Vol. 3, 162-164. 186.
Manyi-Loh, C.E., Clarke, A.M. &Ndip, R.N. (2011). An overview of honey: Therapeutic properties and contribution in nutrition and human health. African Journal of Microbiology Research. Vol. 5(8), pp. 844-852. Available online: http:// www.academicjournals.org/ajmr.doi:10.5897/AJMR10.008.ISSN 1996-0808. Academic Journal.
Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative researching. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
McNamara, C. (1999). General Guidelines for conducting Interviews.Minisota Publication.
Meiselman, H. L. (1996). The contextual basis for food acceptance, food choice and food intake: the food, the situation and the individual. In Food choice, acceptance and consumption. Springer US, pp. 239-263.
Meyer-Rochow, V.B. (2009). Food taboos: their origins and purposes. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.Vol. 5(18):1-10.
Mitsuhashi, J. (2008). Sekaikonchushokotaizen Tokyo, YasakaShobo.
Molan, P. (2001). Why honey is effective as medicine: 2. The scientific explanation of its effects. Bee world, Vol 82(1), pp.22-40.
Molan, P.C. & Betts, J.A. (2004). Clinical usage of honey as a wound dressing: an update. J. Wound Care. Vol. 5:40-54.
Narzari, S. &Sarmah, J. (2015). A study on the prevalence of entomophagy among Bodos of Assam. E-ISSN: 2320-7078. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 3(2): 315-320.
Negri, M.C. &Hinchman, R.R. (1996). Plants that Remove Contaminants from the Environment. Laboratory Medicine. Vol. 27(1): 36-40.
Nonaka, K. (2005). Ethnoentomology - Insect Eating and Human-Insect RelationshipTokyo, University of Tokyo Press; 2005.
Oliver, P. (2006). The Sage Dictionary of Social Research Methods. Retrieved from: srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-sage-dictionary-of-social research-methods/n162.xml
Orhan, F., Sekerel, B. E., Kocabas, C. N., Sackesen, C., Adalioglu, G., &Tuncer, A. (2003). Complementary and alternative medicine in children with asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Vol. 90(6), 611-615.
Pearce, D. W., & Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. JHU Press.
Peng, W.Z., Luo, H.R., &Wang, K.Q. (2003). Present status and development Countermeasures
In insect food industry.Human Agricultural Sciences. Vol. (3): 69-71.
Pemberton, R.W. (1999). Insect and other Arthropads used as drugs in KoreanTraditional medicine.Journal Ethnopharmacol. Vol. (65): pp. 207-216.
Posey, D.A. (1981). Wasps, Warrior and Fearless Men: Ethnoentomology of the KayapoIndians of Central Brazil.Journal Ethnobiology. Vol. 1(1): 165-174.
Randolph, J. (2009). A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. PracticalAssessment Research & Evaluation. Vol. 14 (13): 7. Retrieved from: pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdf
Ranjit-Singh, A., Padmahatha, C. (2004). Ethnoentomological Practices in Tirunelvelidistrict,Tamil Nadu.Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Vol. 3(4): 422-446.
Rastogi N. 2011. Provisioning services from ants: food and pharmaceuticals. AsianMyrmecology. Vol. (4): 103-120.
Reim, H. (1962). Die Insektennahrung der australischenUreinwohner Berlin, AkademieVerlag.
Rendel, M., Mayer. C., Weninger. W.,&Tschachler, E. (2001). Topically Applied of lactic acidincreases spontaneous secretion of muscular endothelial growth factor by human constructed epidermis. Br. J Dermatol. Vol. 145: 3-9.
Reynaldo, J., Santos, A. (1999). Cronbach's Alpha: A Tool for Assessing the Reliability of ScalesJournal of Extension. Vol. 37 (2).Retrieved from: http://www.joe.org/joe/1999april/tt3.php
Rosales, M.C. (2010). Buhisan Insect Attact: Damage teak trees producing new leaves(Internet). The Freeman.Retrieved from: www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=599618&publicationSubCategoryId=107
Savithramma, N., Sulochana, C., & Rao, K. N. (2007). Ethnobotanical survey of plants used to treat asthma in Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 54-61.
Sabre, Z.L., Kambhampati, S.,& Moran, N.A. (2009). Nitrogen recycling and nutritionalprovisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbion. ProcNatlAcadSci USAVol. 106 (46). Retrieved from: doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0907504106.
Silverman, D. (2006). Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction (3rd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.Available online: www.ijiit.webs.com
Shantibala, T., Lokeshwari, R.K. &Debaraj-Sharma, H. (2012). Entomophagy Practices among the ethnic communities of Manipur, North-east India. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology. ISSN 2278-1145.
Srivastava, S.K., Babu, N.,& Pandey, H. (2008). Traditional insects biorefeeling – As humanfood and medium. (NRCWA) National Research Centre for Women in Agriculture. P.O. Baramunda, Bhubaneswar 751003, Urissa.
Starr, C.K. (1993). YamiEthnoentomology. Taipei: Field Materials.InstittuteEthnol, Acad.Sinica. Vol. (8):117-134.
Stepp, J.R. (2005). Advances in Ethnobiological Field Methods Vol. (11); 17 (3):211-218. Available from: doi: 10.117/1525822xo5277459.
Thapa, R. (2012). Honeybees of Nepal: diversity, beekeeping, and medical products ofBee products. Sansik Journal. Vol. (11). 4: 1-9.
Van Hui, A (2003). Insects as food in Sub-Saharan Africa. Insect SciApplic. Vol 23:163-185.
Van Trijp, H. C., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (1992). Consumers' variety seeking tendency with respect to foods: measurement and managerial implications. European Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 19(2), 181-195.
Xiaoming, C., Ying, F., Hong, Z. &Zhiyong, C. (2010). Review of the nutritive value of edible insects. In P.B. Durst, D.V. Johnson, R.L. Leslie. & K. Shono, eds. Forest insects as food: humans bite back, proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Yang, G.H. (1998). Utilization and Industrialization of Insect Resources in China, Beijing.China: Agricultural Press.
Yen, A.L. (2010). Edible insects and other invertebrates in Australia: future prospects. InP.B. Durst, D.V. Johnson, R.L. Leslie. & K. Shono, eds. Forest insects as food: humans bite back, proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.pp. 65–84.
Yen, A.L. (2012). Edible insects and management of country. Ecological Management & Restoration, 13(1): 97–99.
Yi, C., He, Q., Wang, L., &Kuang, R. (2010). The Utilization of Insect-resources in ChineseRural Area. Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol. 2(3): 146-154. Available from: www.ccsenet.org/jas.pdf
Wang, X.Q., Chen, C.Q., &Zhao, H. (2002). Rearing Clanisbilineaca in soybean field and its profit. Entomological Knowledge. Vol. 39(1): 30-33.
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2016-12-31
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Garces, J. J. C., Jarito, Z. O., Barriga, L. A. T., Domecillo, F. C., & Pansit, N. R. (2016). Practices of Entomophagy and Entomotherapy in Cebu Island, Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1604.02.05
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