Rice Machinery Requirement in La Union, Philippines: A Basis for Prioritizing Deployment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2109.02.01Keywords:
agricultural engineering, agricultural machinery, mechanization level, PhilippinesAbstract
The implementation of the Republic Act No. 11203 mandates the development of a just and appropriate agricultural mechanization strategy. Thus, this study is conceptualized to calculate the rice machinery requirement and the mechanization level of La Union, Philippines. The utilization rate of existing machinery considers 100% and 70% in case the calculation is surplus. Furthermore, this aims to validate if there is no machinery requirement despite the 30% decrease in utilization rate. Hence, the results have revealed a need for 674 units of riding-type transplanters, 31 units of a rice combine harvester, 422 units of recirculating dryers, and 61 units of multi-pass rice mills. The rice mechanization level is moderately mechanized. However, only tillage operation is moderately mechanized; the transplanting, harvesting, drying and milling are low mechanised. These findings could serve as bases in the formulation of policies and strategies prioritizing suitable areas for
machinery intervention in the province.
References
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Maheshwari, T., & Tripathi, A. (2019). Quantification of agricultural mechanization status for Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(5), 659-666. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.077
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Moya, P., Kajisa, K., Barker, R., Mohanty, S., Gascon, F., & San Valentin, M. (2015). Changes in rice farming in the Philippines: Insights from five decades of a household-level survey. International Rice Research Institute. http://books.irri.org/97 89712203152_ content.pdf
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Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development [PCARRD]. (2009). Agricultural mechanization in the Philippines. http://scinet.science.ph/union/Downloads/BS%20Agricultural%20Mechanization%20in%20the%20Philippines_beta_361500.pdf
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Regalado, J. & Ramos, S. (2018). Field testing of a rice crop postharvest management protocol for reduced postproduction losses and improved product quality. Rice-Based Biosystems Journal, 4, 31-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333649361_Field_Testing_of_a_Rice_Crop_Postharvest_Management_Protocol_for_Reduced_Postproduction_Losses_and_Improved_Product_Quality
Sharabiani, R.V., & Ranjbar, I. (2008). Determination of the degree, level and capacity indices for agricultural mechanization in Sarab Region. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 10, 215-223. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265821866_Determination_of_the_Degree_Level_and_Capacity_Indices_for_Agricultural_Mechanization_in_Sarab_Region
Soni, P. & Ou, Y. (2010). Agricultural mechanization at a glance selected country studies in Asia on agricultural machinery development. UN-ESCAP /UN-APCAEM. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320014183_Agricultural_Mechanization_at_a_Glance_Selected_Country_Studies_in_Asia_on_Agricultural_Machinery_Development_Agricultural_Mechanization_at_a_Glance_in_Selected_Country_Studies_in_Asia_on_Agricultural
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Transplanting. (n.d.). International Rice Research Institute. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/planting/ transplanting
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2000). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards: PAES 109: 2000 - Agricultural machinery - walking-type agricultural tractor - specifications part 1: pull-type specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/standards/per-volume/volume-1/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2001). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards: PAES 118: 2001- Agricultural Machinery-four-wheel tractor-specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery.
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES206::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice mill –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/post-harvest-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAESv151:2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice transplanter –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES204::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice reaper –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES204::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice thresher –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. (2000). ASAE EP496.2 DEC99: Agricultural machinery management. Academia.https://www.academia.edu/41779575/S_T_A_N_D_A_R_D_ASAE_EP496_2_DEC99_Agricultural_Machinery_Management
Amongo, R. M. C., Amongo, L. D., & Larona, M.V. L. (2011, December 8-9). Mechanizing Philippine agriculture for food sufficiency [Paper presentation]. UNAPCAEM and FAO Roundtable Meeting on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand.
Baradi, M. A. U., & Kang, C. (2018). Technical and financial assessment on the adaptation of transplanter and combine harvester in the Ilocos Provinces, Philippines. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 6(4), 80-88. https://ijair.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJAIR_2678_FINAL.pdf
Bermudez, R. V., Matias, A. B., Tadeo, B. D., & Manalili, R. G. (2004, April 22-23). Decision support system for rice mechanization: Preliminary study in the province of Nueva Ecija [Paper presentation]. 54th PSAE Annual Convention and Exhi-bition, Science City of Mu-ñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Briones, R. M. (2017). Characterization of agricultural workers in the Philippines [Discussion Paper Series No. 2017-31]. Department of Agriculture. https://www.da.gov.ph/farmers-enjoy-high-palay-prices/
Casinillo, L. F. (2020). Econometric modelling on satisfaction in rice farming under Philippine rice tariffication law. Journal of Research and Multidisciplinary, 3(2), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.5281/jrm.v3i2.38
Dela Cruz, R., & Bobier, S. B. (2016). Farm power available for utilization in Philippine agriculture. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315783506_Farm_Power_Available_for_Utilization_in_Philippine_Agriculture
Dela Cruz, R., & Calica , G. (2016). Postharvest losses in paddy and maize in major producing provinces of the Philippines: Stakeholders' perceptions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315783955_Postharvest_Losses_in_Paddy_and_Maize_in_Major_Producing_Provinces_of_the_Philippines_Stakeholders%27_Perceptions
Department of Agriculture. (2019). Adoption of the 2019 reference manual of agricultural machinery and equipment [Memo Order No. 02, series. 2020]. http://bafe.da.gov.ph /wpcontent/uploads/2020/05/MO-02-of-2020-Adoption-of-the-2019-Reference-Manual-of-Agricultural-Mahineory-and-Equipment.pdf
Department of Agriculture. (2020). Farmers enjoy high palay prices. https://www.da.gov.ph/farmers-enjoy-high-palay-prices/
Department of Trade and Industry, Bureau of Product Standards. (2015). Agricultural machinery – rice combine harvester –specifications [PNS/PAES 224:2015]. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PNS-PAES-224-2015-Agricultural-Machinery-Rice-Combine-Harvester-Specifications.pdf
Emami, M., Almassi, M., Bakhoda, H., & Kalantari, I. (2018). Agricultural mechanization, a key to food security in developing countries: Strategy formulating for Iran. Agriculture and Food Security, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0176-2
Exconde, B. A. (2016). Rice production and consumption trends in the Philippines from 2000 to 2015. https://xsite.dlsu.edu.ph/research/ centers/yc/_pdf/exconde-rice-production.pdf
FAO regional rice initiative pilot project Philippine. (n.d.). http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/scpi/Document_pdfs_and_images/Presentation_RRI-Philippines.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations [FAO]. (2017). The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges. http://www.fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdf
Gavino, R.B., Fernando, C.M., Gavino, H. F., Sicat, E. V., & Romero, M. M. (2006, April 17-21).Benchmark survey on farm mechanization status in irrigated lowlands of Region 1, 2 and 3 [Paper presentation]. 4th PSAE International Convention and Exhibition, Balanghai Hotel, Butuan City, Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299834723_Benchmark_Survey_on_Farm_Mechanization_Status_in_Irrigated_Lowlands_of_Regions_1_2_and_3
Gummert, M. (2010). Modern rice milling. International Rice Research Institute. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/postharvest-management/item/modern-rice-milling-fact-sheet
Hanna, M. (2016). Estimating the field capacity of farm machines. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm /crops/pdf/a3-24.pdf
Hegazy, R. & Okasha, M. (2020). Current perspective of mechanization level and its supporting policies in Asia. https://doi.org/ 10.6084/m9.figshare.12780047.v1
Maheshwari, T., & Tripathi, A. (2019). Quantification of agricultural mechanization status for Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(5), 659-666. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.077
Makange, N. (2015). The role of farm power in agriculture. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4820.2722
Manalon, H. G., & Dela Cruz, S.M. (2018). On-farm mechanization of paddy in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Postharvest and Mechanization. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327768462_OnFarm_Mechanization_of_Paddy_in_the_Philippines
Mitchell, T. (2011). Middlemen, bargaining and price information: Is knowledge power? https://www.tcd.ie/Economics/assets/pdf/JMPTara_Mitchell1.pdf
Moya, P., Kajisa, K., Barker, R., Mohanty, S., Gascon, F., & San Valentin, M. (2015). Changes in rice farming in the Philippines: Insights from five decades of a household-level survey. International Rice Research Institute. http://books.irri.org/97 89712203152_ content.pdf
National Economic and Development Authority [NEDA]. (2019). More sources of cheaper rice with rice ratification- NEDA. https://www.neda.gov.ph/more-sources-of-cheaper-rice-with-rice-tariffication-neda/
Palis, F.G. (2020). Aging Filipino rice farmers and their aspirations for their children. Philippine Journal of Science, 149(2), 351-361. https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol149no2/aging_filipino_rice_farmers_.pdf
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development [PCARRD]. (2009). Agricultural mechanization in the Philippines. http://scinet.science.ph/union/Downloads/BS%20Agricultural%20Mechanization%20in%20the%20Philippines_beta_361500.pdf
Philippine Statistics Authority [PSA]. (2018). Agricultural import and exports [Report No. 2018-4]. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/ais_Agri_exports%20%26%20imports%202018.pdf
Philippine Statistics Authority [PSA]. (2020). Trends in agricultural wage rates : 2017-2020. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Report_2019%20Trends%20in%20Agri%20Wage%20Rates_signed.pdf
RamÃrez, A. O., Nakashima, H., Miyasaka J., & Ohdoi K. (2007). Mechanization index and machinery energy ratio assessment by means of an artificial neural network: A mexican case study. Agricultural Engineering International, 9. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/10710/PM%2007%20002%20Aragon%20final%2024May2007.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D1F95840D9473AEF456B7B33C051A2919?sequence%3D1
Ramos, D. G., Vereña, R. O., Badua, A. E., Ligisan, A. R., & Cayabyab, E. T. (2013). Promotion of biomass-fed furnace retrofitted to mechanical dryers. Technical Bulletin, 3(1). https://www.philmech.gov.ph/assets/publication/Technical%20Bulletin/Technical%20Bulletin%20No.%205.pdf
Regalado, J. & Ramos, S. (2018). Field testing of a rice crop postharvest management protocol for reduced postproduction losses and improved product quality. Rice-Based Biosystems Journal, 4, 31-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333649361_Field_Testing_of_a_Rice_Crop_Postharvest_Management_Protocol_for_Reduced_Postproduction_Losses_and_Improved_Product_Quality
Sharabiani, R.V., & Ranjbar, I. (2008). Determination of the degree, level and capacity indices for agricultural mechanization in Sarab Region. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 10, 215-223. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265821866_Determination_of_the_Degree_Level_and_Capacity_Indices_for_Agricultural_Mechanization_in_Sarab_Region
Soni, P. & Ou, Y. (2010). Agricultural mechanization at a glance selected country studies in Asia on agricultural machinery development. UN-ESCAP /UN-APCAEM. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320014183_Agricultural_Mechanization_at_a_Glance_Selected_Country_Studies_in_Asia_on_Agricultural_Machinery_Development_Agricultural_Mechanization_at_a_Glance_in_Selected_Country_Studies_in_Asia_on_Agricultural
Suministrado, D. (2013, October 26-27). Status of agricultural mechanization in the Philippines [Paper presentation]. Regional Forum on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Asia and the Pacific, Qingdao, China. Retrieved from http://www.un-csam.org/publication/2013RF/86-89.pdf
Transplanting. (n.d.). International Rice Research Institute. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/planting/ transplanting
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2000). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards: PAES 109: 2000 - Agricultural machinery - walking-type agricultural tractor - specifications part 1: pull-type specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/standards/per-volume/volume-1/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2001). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards: PAES 118: 2001- Agricultural Machinery-four-wheel tractor-specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery.
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES206::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice mill –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/post-harvest-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAESv151:2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice transplanter –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES204::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice reaper –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
University of the Philippines Los Banos. College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center. (2015). Philippine national standard (PNS/PAES204::2015): Agricultural machinery –mechanical rice thresher –specifications. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/production-machinery/
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Published
2021-11-27
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Abad, R. L. (2021). Rice Machinery Requirement in La Union, Philippines: A Basis for Prioritizing Deployment. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 9(2), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2109.02.01
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